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D-|||-I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people-|||-make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One.January,I had to conduct two funerals on-|||-successive days for two elderly women in my community."Both had died full of years,"as the Bible-|||-would say;both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life.Their homes-|||-happened to be near each other,so I paid condolence(吊唁)calls on the two families on the same-|||-afternoon.-|||-At the first home,the son of the dead woman said to me,"If only I had sent my mother to-|||-Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow,she would be alive today.It`s my fault that she-|||-died."At the second home,the son of the other dead woman said,"If only I hadn`t insisted on my-|||-mother`s going to Florida, she would be alive today.That long airplane ride,the abrupt change of-|||-climate, was more than she could take.It`s my fault that she`s dead."-|||-When things don`t turn out as we would like them to,it is very tempting to assume that had we-|||-done things differently,the story would have had a happier ending. Priests(牧师)know that any time-|||-there is a death,the survivors will feel guilty.Because the course of action they took turned out-|||-badly,they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, delaying the operation would-|||-have turned out better.After all,how could it have turned out any worse?-|||-There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing-|||-need to believe that the world makes sense,that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for-|||-everything that happens.That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist-|||-and where they exist only in our minds.-|||-The second element is the concept that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad-|||-things that happen.It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing-|||-that every disaster is our fault.The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologis sp-|||-of the infantile(幼儿的)mythof omnipotence(万能).A baby comes to think that the world exists to-|||-meet his needs,and that he makes everything happen in it.He wakes up in the morning and orders-|||-the rest of the world to its tasks.He cries,and someone comes to attend to him.When he is hungry,-|||-people feed him,and when he is wet,people change him. Very often,we do not completely outgrow-|||-that infantile concept that our wishes cause things to happen.D-|||-I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people-|||-make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One.January,I had to conduct two funerals on-|||-successive days for two elderly women in my community."Both had died full of years,"as the Bible-|||-would say;both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life.Their homes-|||-happened to be near each other,so I paid condolence(吊唁)calls on the two families on the same-|||-afternoon.-|||-At the first home,the son of the dead woman said to me,"If only I had sent my mother to-|||-Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow,she would be alive today.It`s my fault that she-|||-died."At the second home,the son of the other dead woman said,"If only I hadn`t insisted on my-|||-mother`s going to Florida, she would be alive today.That long airplane ride,the abrupt change of-|||-climate, was more than she could take.It`s my fault that she`s dead."-|||-When things don`t turn out as we would like them to,it is very tempting to assume that had we-|||-done things differently,the story would have had a happier ending. Priests(牧师)know that any time-|||-there is a death,the survivors will feel guilty.Because the course of action they took turned out-|||-badly,they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, delaying the operation would-|||-have turned out better.After all,how could it have turned out any worse?-|||-There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing-|||-need to believe that the world makes sense,that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for-|||-everything that happens.That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist-|||-and where they exist only in our minds.-|||-The second element is the concept that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad-|||-things that happen.It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing-|||-that every disaster is our fault.The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologis sp-|||-of the infantile(幼儿的)mythof omnipotence(万能).A baby comes to think that the world exists to-|||-meet his needs,and that he makes everything happen in it.He wakes up in the morning and orders-|||-the rest of the world to its tasks.He cries,and someone comes to attend to him.When he is hungry,-|||-people feed him,and when he is wet,people change him. Very often,we do not completely outgrow-|||-that infantile concept that our wishes cause things to happen.D-|||-I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people-|||-make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One.January,I had to conduct two funerals on-|||-successive days for two elderly women in my community."Both had died full of years,"as the Bible-|||-would say;both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life.Their homes-|||-happened to be near each other,so I paid condolence(吊唁)calls on the two families on the same-|||-afternoon.-|||-At the first home,the son of the dead woman said to me,"If only I had sent my mother to-|||-Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow,she would be alive today.It`s my fault that she-|||-died."At the second home,the son of the other dead woman said,"If only I hadn`t insisted on my-|||-mother`s going to Florida, she would be alive today.That long airplane ride,the abrupt change of-|||-climate, was more than she could take.It`s my fault that she`s dead."-|||-When things don`t turn out as we would like them to,it is very tempting to assume that had we-|||-done things differently,the story would have had a happier ending. Priests(牧师)know that any time-|||-there is a death,the survivors will feel guilty.Because the course of action they took turned out-|||-badly,they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, delaying the operation would-|||-have turned out better.After all,how could it have turned out any worse?-|||-There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing-|||-need to believe that the world makes sense,that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for-|||-everything that happens.That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist-|||-and where they exist only in our minds.-|||-The second element is the concept that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad-|||-things that happen.It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing-|||-that every disaster is our fault.The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologis sp-|||-of the infantile(幼儿的)mythof omnipotence(万能).A baby comes to think that the world exists to-|||-meet his needs,and that he makes everything happen in it.He wakes up in the morning and orders-|||-the rest of the world to its tasks.He cries,and someone comes to attend to him.When he is hungry,-|||-people feed him,and when he is wet,people change him. Very often,we do not completely outgrow-|||-that infantile concept that our wishes cause things to happen.D-|||-I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people-|||-make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One.January,I had to conduct two funerals on-|||-successive days for two elderly women in my community."Both had died full of years,"as the Bible-|||-would say;both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life.Their homes-|||-happened to be near each other,so I paid condolence(吊唁)calls on the two families on the same-|||-afternoon.-|||-At the first home,the son of the dead woman said to me,"If only I had sent my mother to-|||-Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow,she would be alive today.It`s my fault that she-|||-died."At the second home,the son of the other dead woman said,"If only I hadn`t insisted on my-|||-mother`s going to Florida, she would be alive today.That long airplane ride,the abrupt change of-|||-climate, was more than she could take.It`s my fault that she`s dead."-|||-When things don`t turn out as we would like them to,it is very tempting to assume that had we-|||-done things differently,the story would have had a happier ending. Priests(牧师)know that any time-|||-there is a death,the survivors will feel guilty.Because the course of action they took turned out-|||-badly,they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, delaying the operation would-|||-have turned out better.After all,how could it have turned out any worse?-|||-There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing-|||-need to believe that the world makes sense,that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for-|||-everything that happens.That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist-|||-and where they exist only in our minds.-|||-The second element is the concept that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad-|||-things that happen.It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing-|||-that every disaster is our fault.The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologis sp-|||-of the infantile(幼儿的)mythof omnipotence(万能).A baby comes to think that the world exists to-|||-meet his needs,and that he makes everything happen in it.He wakes up in the morning and orders-|||-the rest of the world to its tasks.He cries,and someone comes to attend to him.When he is hungry,-|||-people feed him,and when he is wet,people change him. Very often,we do not completely outgrow-|||-that infantile concept that our wishes cause things to happen.

题目解答

答案

46-50 ADBCD
46.A.细节理解题 根据第一段第三句Both had died"full of years",as the Bible would say.说明他们都是自然死亡的,年龄都已经很大了.故选A.
47.D.细节理解题 根据第一段第二句One January,I had to conduct two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community.说明这两个葬礼我要我主持,是因为我是教堂里的牧师.故选D.
48.B.推理判断题 根据第三段第二句Priests(牧师) know that any time there is a death,the survivors will feel guilty.说明他们都认为自己对于亲人的去世是负有责任的.故选B.
49.C.词义猜测题 根据第四段第二句说明世界上的每一个事物都有自己的原因和结果.每个事情的发生都有自己的理由.故选C.
50.D.细节理解题 根据文章最后一句we do not completely outgrow that infantile concept that our wishes cause things to happen.可知从婴儿时期起,人们就开始相信他们的愿望是一切发生的原因.故选D.

E.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是人的寿命取决于哪些因素。研究表明活到九十岁的高龄可能取决于你的身高和体重以及你的身体活动水平,并且指出,影响一个女人的寿命比影响一个男性的寿命要更多。

16. 【答案】B

【解析】B选项的意思是:在男性中没有发现这种联系。根据空格前一句话”The study found women who lived to 90 were, on average, taller and put on less weight since the age of 20 as compared to women who were shorter and heavier.“(研究发现活到九十岁的女性,平均而言,自从20岁就更高,更不易发胖,这是与更矮更重的女性相比)和空格后一句”However, men saw more benefit from physical activity than woman“(然而,男性比女性从体育活动中获益更多)可知,作者前面在讨论女性,后面提及男性,承接上文,B选项符合语境。所以答案为B。

17. 【答案】G

【解析】G选项的意思是:他们包括遛狗,做园艺,改善家庭环境,走路或者骑自行车上下班。根据空格前一句话”Both genders also told researchers about their current physical activity“(男女双方还告诉研究人员他们当前的体育活动)可知,这里涉及到了做哪些活动。G选项中的they就是指这些体育活动。所以此题答案为G。

18. 【答案】A

【解析】A选项的意思是:高度在其中扮演了主要原因。根据空格后面的句子”The study found woman who were taller than 5 feet 9 inches were 31% more likely to live their 90s than women who were less than 5 feet 3 inches.“(研究发现高度超过5英尺9英寸的女性与身高不到5英寸3英寸的女性相比,有31%更有可能活到90多岁)可知,A选项紧承下文的意思,讨论高度对寿命的影响。所以此题答案为A。

19. 【答案】E

【解析】E选项的意思是:男性是否能活到九十岁,其因素似乎既不是身高也不是体重,而是活动标准。根据空格后面的句子”Men who spent 90 minutes a day or more being active were 39% more likely to live 90 than men who were physically active for less than 30 minutes“(一天花了90分钟或者更多在运动上的男性与每天锻炼少于三十分钟的男性相比有39%更有可能活到90岁)可知,E选项紧承下文的意思,讨论活动标准对寿命的影响。所以此题答案为E。

20. 【答案】D

【解析】D选项的意思是:研究发现,女性的最优水平的活动是每天60分钟。根据空格前一句”And unlike men, there was no bonus for increasing activity“(与男性不同,女性增加活动时间没有额外的奖励)可知,作者在此处讨论活动时间对于影响男女年龄的差别,女性和男性不一样,活动时间长不会带来好处。所以答案为D选项,指出了女性活动的最优活动时间。

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