According to sociologists (社会学家), there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer (授予) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment (招聘). Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders ." It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to reduce tension and conflict to the minimum among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit (抑制) achievement of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.1. According to the passage, how is the leadership recognized among friends?A) The leaders are recruited.B) The leaders are conferred by parents.C) The leaders come forth over time. D) The leaders are chosen formally.2. What is writer's opinion of "natural leaders" (Para. 2)?A) They have unusual personal ability.B) There are two categories of them.C) There's no evidence of their existence. D) They are born with qualities for leadership.3. What is the main concern of the instrumental leaders?A) The welfare of the group members.B) The accomplishment of the goals. C) The orders and discipline.D) The relationship with other group members.4. Which of the following is true about expressive leaders?A) They focus on the completion of tasks.B) They offer solutions when group members experience difficulties.C) They try to maintain compatible relationship among group members. D) They do not care about the overall goals of the group.5. What can we infer from the passage?A) Leadership is recognized by sociologists.B) Almost every person can be a leader. C) Expressive leaders are better at communications.D) Instrumental leaders are more likely to be successful.