Part ⅣTranslation(30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet 2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。汉语语西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以________（character）而不是以字母构成的。目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语是最古老的。在中国，来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言，但由于汉字有统一的书写形式，他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难。汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用。今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强，越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语。作文范文With the increasing of social competition，both teachers and students are coming to realize the importance of motivation and methods in learning. It is beyond doubt that initiative and correct methods are fundamental to academic success.It is not difficult for us to come up with a considerable number of benefits of motivation.For example, highly motivated students find learning pleasant and rewarding,and therefore maintain a strong desire to acquire new knowledge and skills,and enough courage to cope with new challenges. On the contrary，students with no motivation may feel like they are forced to learn and get bored easily with this seemingly endless process.In addition,proper methods can significantly increase efficiency and positive learning outcomes，especially in this competitive society.Excellent students are not those spending the most amount of time on learning,but those who have found the right ways to improve their academic performance.After what we have discussed above，we can easily come to the conclusion that effective measures must be taken to further advocate the significance of motivation and correct methods in learning.And it is the responsibility of teachers and parents to motivate children，and teach them proper learning method.Only in this way，can their prospect become better and better.翻译参考答案Chinese is now the language with the largest number of native speakers in the world.Onemajor difference betweenChineseandwestern languages is that,instead of letters,it uses characters.Chinese is theoldestwriting systemstill in use.In China,people from different regions may find it difficult to understand each other'sdialects,but they have little difficulty in communicating through written Chinese,because Chinese charactersshare a common written form.Chinese has played an important role inuniting the Chinese nation in history.Today,with the rapid growth of China's economy and the increase in its global influence,a rising number ofpeople from other countries also start learning Chinese.Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel________becomebrittle(脆的) at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists________at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for expensive________.Steel’s fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boatstorpedoed(用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful“Liberty ships”was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the________British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships________in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have________to find asolution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical________.Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is________to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.Kimura’s team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of________needed in a construction job and their weight—by replacing solid supports with________tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The future of personal satellite technology is here—are we ready for it?A) Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized,they are coming within reach of ordinary people. Just likedrones(无人机) before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.B) As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However, as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer“Can we”but“Should we”What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as“professionals” And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.C) Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The“Cube”here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerly“wasted space.”Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They’re primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO)—an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.E) Because they're so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earth’s orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance, a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as 3,000 to put in orbit. This decrease in cost a11ows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.F) The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to theUSSR’s Sputnik(前苏联的人造卫星). Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats. There arc more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.G) The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn’t risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris—pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.H) Currently, there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might lead to the“creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats.”I) CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing Some“expert amateurs”in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.J) In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to fosterham radio enthusiasts’(业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR—a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting“amateur”satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open.source development has been a central principle, Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcingeverything—making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there’s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.

Part ⅣTranslation(30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet 2.

汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。汉语语西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以________（character）而不是以字母构成的。目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语是最古老的。在中国，来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言，但由于汉字有统一的书写形式，他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难。汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用。今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强，越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语。

作文范文

With the increasing of social competition，both teachers and students are coming to realize the importance of motivation and methods in learning. It is beyond doubt that initiative and correct methods are fundamental to academic success.

It is not difficult for us to come up with a considerable number of benefits of motivation.For example, highly motivated students find learning pleasant and rewarding,and therefore maintain a strong desire to acquire new knowledge and skills,and enough courage to cope with new challenges. On the contrary，students with no motivation may feel like they are forced to learn and get bored easily with this seemingly endless process.In addition,proper methods can significantly increase efficiency and positive learning outcomes，especially in this competitive society.Excellent students are not those spending the most amount of time on learning,but those who have found the right ways to improve their academic performance.

After what we have discussed above，we can easily come to the conclusion that effective measures must be taken to further advocate the significance of motivation and correct methods in learning.And it is the responsibility of teachers and parents to motivate children，and teach them proper learning method.Only in this way，can their prospect become better and better.

翻译参考答案

Chinese is now the language with the largest number of native speakers in the world.Onemajor difference betweenChineseandwestern languages is that,instead of letters,it uses characters.Chinese is theoldestwriting systemstill in use.In China,people from different regions may find it difficult to understand each other'sdialects,but they have little difficulty in communicating through written Chinese,because Chinese charactersshare a common written form.Chinese has played an important role inuniting the Chinese nation in history.Today,with the rapid growth of China's economy and the increase in its global influence,a rising number ofpeople from other countries also start learning Chinese.

Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel________becomebrittle(脆的) at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists________at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for expensive________.

Steel’s fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boatstorpedoed(用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful“Liberty ships”was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the________British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships________in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.

Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have________to find asolution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.

Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical________.Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.

The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is________to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.

Kimura’s team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of________needed in a construction job and their weight—by replacing solid supports with________tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The future of personal satellite technology is here—are we ready for it?

A) Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized,they are coming within reach of ordinary people. Just likedrones(无人机) before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.

B) As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However, as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer“Can we”but“Should we”What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as“professionals” And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.

C) Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The“Cube”here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerly“wasted space.”Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.

D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They’re primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO)—an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.

E) Because they're so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earth’s orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance, a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 to put in orbit. This decrease in cost a11ows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.

F) The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to theUSSR’s Sputnik(前苏联的人造卫星). Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats. There arc more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.

G) The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn’t risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris—pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.

H) Currently, there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might lead to the“creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats.”

I) CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing Some“expert amateurs”in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.

J) In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to fosterham radio enthusiasts’(业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR—a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting“amateur”satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open.source development has been a central principle, Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcingeverything—making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there’s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.