Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The MIT Sloan School of Management strongly believes that its purpose is to give students the tools they will need to be effective change agents in the rest of their careers. To do this it is necessary to start off with an understanding of the essential driving forces that will be forcing organizations to change. Change is not random, there are underlying processes. Three central driving forces—the growth of the world economy, the changing nature of the work force, and the arrival of genuine technological competition—are now at work.The globalization of the world capital markets that has occurred in the past 20 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. The need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “don’t think, do what you are told” to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do” style of management.To be on top of this situation, tomorrow’s managers will have to have a strong background in organizational psychology, human relations, and labor economics. The MIT Sloan School of Management attempts to advance our understanding in these areas through research and then quickly brings the fruits of this new research to our students so that they can be leading-edge managers when it comes to the human side of the equation.What this means is that American managers have to understand the forces of, technical change in ways that were not necessary in the past. Conversely, managers from the rest of the world know that it is now possible for them to dominate their American competitor if they understand the forces of technical change better than their American competitors do.In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. If they don’t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be losers, not winners.11. What is it essential for students to understand the driving forces that can force organizations to change?12. What will be needed to produce qualified goods and services in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques?13. What does the MIT Sloan School of Management attempt to do in its research?14. What do we know about American managers from this passage?15. What can be inferred from this passage?第1题:A.Because the MIT Sloan School of Management emphasized its importance.B.ecause the world economy is changing.C.Because students need to be effective agents in their future careers.D.Because technological competition now is strong.第2题:E.mployers should have a sense of globalization.F.Employees should be well-educated and skillful in their jobs.G.Employers should adapt themselves to different styles of management.H.Employees should shift their positions from one to another.第3题:I.To help its students become first class managers.J.To test whether its students have a strong background in certain areas.K.To give some insights to those first class managers.L.To help its students advance their understandings in certain areas.第4题:M.They have been dominated by managers from other countries.N.They need to know more about technology.O.They know their competitors understand the forces of technical change better.P.They are technologically ready to be managers in the world of tomorrow.第5题:Q.The MIT Sloan School of Management has revealed what is going on inside the black box.R.American managers know more about technical change than managers from the rest of the world.S.The style of management is changing constantly.T.Every future manager should have cross-disciplinary knowledge.