题目
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably， some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with，an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared． If an individual is handicapped environmentally， it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable． The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins，Peter and Mark X． Being identical，the twins had identical brains at birth，and their growth processes were the same．When the twins were three months old， their parents died， and they were placed in separate foster homes．Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child， sent to good schools， and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens，when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's I．Q．was 125， twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities， the twins， having identical brains， would have tested at roughly the same level．（1）This selection can best be titled ____ ．A．Measuring Your IntelligenceB．Intelligence and EnvironmentC．The Case of Peter and MarkD．How the Brain Influences Intelligence（2）The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that ____ ．A．human brains differ considerablyB． the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC．environment is vital to determine a person's intelligenceD．persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence（3）According to the passage，the average I．Q．is ____ ．A．85B．100C．110D．125（4）The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that ____ ．A．individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelB．an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environmentC．lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD．changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain（5）This passage suggests that an individual's I．Q． ____ ．A．can be predicted at birthB．stays the same throughout his lifeC．can be increased by educationD．is determined by his childhood
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably， some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with，an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared． If an individual is handicapped environmentally， it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins，Peter and Mark X． Being identical，the twins had identical brains at birth，and their growth processes were the same．When the twins were three months old， their parents died， and they were placed in separate foster homes．Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child， sent to good schools， and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens，when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's I．Q．was 125， twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities， the twins， having identical brains， would have tested at roughly the same level．
（1）This selection can best be titled ____ ．
A．Measuring Your Intelligence
B．Intelligence and Environment
C．The Case of Peter and Mark
D．How the Brain Influences Intelligence
（2）The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that ____ ．
A．human brains differ considerably
B． the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C．environment is vital to determine a person's intelligence
D．persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
（3）According to the passage，the average I．Q．is ____ ．
A．85
B．100
C．110
D．125
（4）The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that ____ ．
A．individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
B．an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment
C．lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
D．changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain
（5）This passage suggests that an individual's I．Q． ____ ．
A．can be predicted at birth
B．stays the same throughout his life
C．can be increased by education
D．is determined by his childhood
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins，Peter and Mark X． Being identical，the twins had identical brains at birth，and their growth processes were the same．When the twins were three months old， their parents died， and they were placed in separate foster homes．Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child， sent to good schools， and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens，when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's I．Q．was 125， twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities， the twins， having identical brains， would have tested at roughly the same level．
（1）This selection can best be titled ____ ．
A．Measuring Your Intelligence
B．Intelligence and Environment
C．The Case of Peter and Mark
D．How the Brain Influences Intelligence
（2）The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that ____ ．
A．human brains differ considerably
B． the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C．environment is vital to determine a person's intelligence
D．persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
（3）According to the passage，the average I．Q．is ____ ．
A．85
B．100
C．110
D．125
（4）The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that ____ ．
A．individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
B．an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment
C．lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
D．changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain
（5）This passage suggests that an individual's I．Q． ____ ．
A．can be predicted at birth
B．stays the same throughout his life
C．can be increased by education
D．is determined by his childhood
题目解答
答案
1．B．主旨大意题．阅读全文，本文主要讲述了有两个因素决定一个人的智力．第一个是出生时就有的智力，不同的人大脑大大不同，有些是比其他人更有能力．本文以此展开谈论，主要讲述了智力与后天环境的关系．结合选项，故选B．
2．C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段内容，If an individual is handicapped environmentally， it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．如果一个人在环境上有缺陷，他的大脑很可能无法发育，他将永远无法达到他所能达到的智力水平．由此可知，环境对一个人的智力的影响是非常的巨大的．结合选项，故选C．
3．B．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段的句子：Mark's I．Q．was 125，twenty-five points higher than the average 马克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分．可知，平均智商是100．结合选项，故选B．
4．C．推理判断题．根据文章内容"Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities．Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college．He was read to as a child，sent to good schools，and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually．This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens，when they were given tesets to measure their intelligence．"彼得被父母养育在一个缺少教育机会的封闭社区．马克是生长在富裕的上过大学的父母家里．他读到作为一个孩子，送到好学校，并给予每一个机会刺激智力．这环境差异一直持续到他们十几岁，当他们接受测试是发现马克的智力比彼得高．因此缺少好的机会好的学习环境会影响孩子的智力发育，结合选项，故选C．
5．C． 细节理解题．根据文章最后一段内容， Given equal opportunities， the twins， having identical brains， would have tested at roughly the same level．如果机会均等，这对拥有相同大脑的双胞胎的测试水平大致相同．彼得和马克的一个测试说明人的智力可以通过教育来提高．故选C．
2．C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段内容，If an individual is handicapped environmentally， it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．如果一个人在环境上有缺陷，他的大脑很可能无法发育，他将永远无法达到他所能达到的智力水平．由此可知，环境对一个人的智力的影响是非常的巨大的．结合选项，故选C．
3．B．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段的句子：Mark's I．Q．was 125，twenty-five points higher than the average 马克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分．可知，平均智商是100．结合选项，故选B．
4．C．推理判断题．根据文章内容"Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities．Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college．He was read to as a child，sent to good schools，and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually．This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens，when they were given tesets to measure their intelligence．"彼得被父母养育在一个缺少教育机会的封闭社区．马克是生长在富裕的上过大学的父母家里．他读到作为一个孩子，送到好学校，并给予每一个机会刺激智力．这环境差异一直持续到他们十几岁，当他们接受测试是发现马克的智力比彼得高．因此缺少好的机会好的学习环境会影响孩子的智力发育，结合选项，故选C．
5．C． 细节理解题．根据文章最后一段内容， Given equal opportunities， the twins， having identical brains， would have tested at roughly the same level．如果机会均等，这对拥有相同大脑的双胞胎的测试水平大致相同．彼得和马克的一个测试说明人的智力可以通过教育来提高．故选C．
解析
考查要点：
- 主旨大意：文章讨论了决定个体智力的两个因素——遗传和环境，并通过双胞胎案例强调环境对智力发展的重要性。
- 细节理解：需结合具体数据（如IQ值）和案例推断结论。
- 逻辑推理：通过双胞胎不同成长环境的结果，推断环境对智力的长期影响。
解题核心：
- 第一题：抓住文章核心论点（智力与环境的关系）选择标题。
- 第二题：明确文章主旨（环境是决定智力的关键因素）。
- 第三题：直接提取文中数据（平均IQ值）。
- 第四题：通过案例对比（双胞胎不同环境）推断结论。
- 第五题：结合案例中教育机会对IQ的影响得出结论。
第（1）题
关键点：文章首段提出“智力由脑和环境共同决定”，后文通过双胞胎案例重点分析环境的作用。选项中B（智力与环境）最能概括全文主旨，其他选项均为局部内容。
第（2）题
关键点：文章首段明确指出“环境是决定智力的第二个关键因素”，后文通过双胞胎案例强化这一观点。选项C（环境对智力至关重要）直接对应主旨。
第（3）题
关键点：最后一段提到“Mark的IQ为125，比平均高25分”，由此可推断平均IQ为100（125 - 25 = 100）。
第（4）题
关键点：双胞胎因环境差异（Peter缺乏教育机会，Mark接受优质教育）导致IQ相差40分，说明缺乏机会会阻碍智力发展（选项C）。
第（5）题
关键点：文章最后一句指出“若机会均等，双胞胎IQ会接近”，说明教育可提升IQ（选项C）。