English words are usually formed in four ways:- affixation (词缀法) including prefixation (前缀法), such as impossible, rewrite, and suffixation (后缀法), such as useful, visually, pursuer, motivation;- compounding (合成法), such as software, well-known, 3-year-old;- abbreviation (缩略法), such as DI, USA;- conversion (词性转换法).Conversion is done when a word changes its class without any change of its form. Its typical (典型的) cases include noun → verb, verb → noun, adjective → noun and adjective → verb, such astutor n. → v. change v. → n. red adj. → n. lower adj. → v.In the text there are some words used in the same way. Can you find any of them? And can you list any other words like them?
English words are usually formed in four ways: - affixation (词缀法) including prefixation (前缀法), such as impossible, rewrite, and suffixation (后缀法), such as useful, visually, pursuer, motivation; - compounding (合成法), such as software, well-known, 3-year-old; - abbreviation (缩略法), such as DI, USA; - conversion (词性转换法). Conversion is done when a word changes its class without any change of its form. Its typical (典型的) cases include noun → verb, verb → noun, adjective → noun and adjective → verb, such as tutor $n.$ → $v.$ change $v.$ → $n.$ red $adj.$ → $n.$ lower $adj.$ → $v.$ In the text there are some words used in the same way. Can you find any of them? And can you list any other words like them?
题目解答
答案
我们来一步一步分析这道题目。
一、题目理解
题目讲的是英语单词的四种构词法:
-
词缀法(affixation)
- 前缀法(prefixation):如 impossible(im- 否定前缀 + possible)、rewrite(re- 表示“再” + write)
- 后缀法(suffixation):如 useful(use + -ful)、visually(visual + -ly)、pursuer(pursue + -er)、motivation(motivate + -ion)
-
合成法(compounding)
两个或多个词合成一个新词,如 software(soft + ware)、well-known、3-year-old -
缩略法(abbreviation)
缩写形式,如 DI(可能是 direct injection 的缩写)、USA(United States of America) -
词性转换法(conversion)
一个词在不改变形式的情况下,改变词性使用。这是本题的重点。典型例子有:
- 名词 → 动词:tutor(n. 导师 → v. 辅导)
- 动词 → 名词:change(v. 改变 → n. 变化)
- 形容词 → 名词:red(adj. 红色的 → n. 红色)
- 形容词 → 动词:lower(adj. 更低的 → v. 降低)
二、题目要求
题目说:“在文中有一些词也以同样的方式使用。你能找出其中一些吗?你还能列举出其他类似的词吗?”
注意:这里的“文中”可能指的是题目中提到的例子或上下文。但由于题目没有提供额外的“文章”,我们理解为:在题目所给的例子中,找出属于“conversion”(词性转换)的词,并再列举一些类似的词。
三、分析题目中提到的 conversion 例子
题目中明确列出了 conversion 的例子:
-
tutor n. → v.(名词变动词)
如:She tutors students.(她辅导学生) -
change v. → n.(动词变名词)
如:There is a change in plan. -
red adj. → n.(形容词变名词)
如:The flag is red. / She wore a red.(口语中可能说 a red 表示一件红色的衣服) -
lower adj. → v.(形容词变动词)
如:Please lower your voice.(降低你的声音)
这些词在使用时没有改变拼写形式,只是词性变了,这正是 conversion 的特点。
四、回答第一问:文中有哪些词是用这种方式(conversion)使用的?
虽然题目没有提供“文章”,但从题目本身列举的 conversion 例子中,我们可以提取出这些词:
在 conversion 的例子中,以下词是通过词性转换使用的:
- tutor(名词 → 动词)
- change(动词 → 名词)
- red(形容词 → 名词)
- lower(形容词 → 动词)
这些词在句子中可以不改变形式而改变词性,属于 conversion。
五、回答第二问:你还能列举其他类似的词吗?
我们可以从常见的 conversion 类型中举出更多例子:
1. 名词 → 动词(n. → v.)
- book
n. 书 → v. 预订(I’ll book a ticket.) - email
n. 电子邮件 → v. 发邮件(I’ll email you tomorrow.) - google
n. 谷歌 → v. 搜索(I googled the word.) - bottle
n. 瓶子 → v. 装瓶(The factory bottles water.) - chair
n. 椅子 → v. 主持(She chaired the meeting.)
2. 动词 → 名词(v. → n.)
- help
v. 帮助 → n. 帮助(Thank you for your help.) - look
v. 看 → n. 外貌(She has a nice look.) - try
v. 尝试 → n. 尝试(Let me have a try.) - must
v. 必须 → n. 必需品(This book is a must for students.)
3. 形容词 → 名词(adj. → n.)
- poor
adj. 贫穷的 → n. 穷人(The poor need more support.) - rich
adj. 富有的 → n. 富人(Taxes help the poor and the rich.) - young
adj. 年轻的 → n. 年轻人(The young are the future.) - elderly
adj. 年长的 → n. 老年人(We should respect the elderly.)
4. 形容词 → 动词(adj. → v.)
- dry
adj. 干的 → v. 弄干(Dry your hands.) - warm
adj. 暖和的 → v. 使变暖(Warm the soup.) - empty
adj. 空的 → v. 倒空(He emptied the bottle.) - slow
adj. 慢的 → v. 放慢(Slow down!)
六、总结答案
答案:
在题目中提到的词中,通过词性转换法(conversion)使用的词有:
- tutor(名词 → 动词)
- change(动词 → 名词)
- red(形容词 → 名词)
- lower(形容词 → 动词)
这些词在不改变形式的情况下,改变了词性,属于 conversion。
此外,其他类似的词还有:
- book(n. 书 → v. 预订)
- email(n. 邮件 → v. 发邮件)
- help(v. 帮助 → n. 帮助)
- poor(adj. 贫穷的 → n. 穷人)
- dry(adj. 干的 → v. 弄干)
这些词都体现了 conversion 的特点:形式不变,词性改变,意义相关。
最终答案:
\boxed{
\text{题目中通过词性转换使用的词有:tutor, change, red, lower。其他类似的词有:book, email, help, poor, dry。}
}