A) will B) shall C) should D) wouldPassage7Segregation was an________by white Southerners to separate the races in every sphere of life and to achieve supremacy over blacks. Segregation was often called the Jim Crow system, after a character from the 1830s who was an old, crippled, black slave who embodied________________stereotypes of blacks. Segregation became________inSouthern states following the end of Reconstruction in 1877. During Reconstruction, which followed Civil War (1861 - 1865), Republican governments in the Southern states were________by blacks, Northerners, and some sympathetic Southerners. The reconstruction governments had________laws opening up economic and political________for blacks. By 1877 the Democratic Party had gained control of government in the Southern states, and these Southern Democrats wanted to________black advances made during Reconstruction.________, they began to pass local and state laws that specified certain places " For Whites Only" and others for "Colored. " Blacks had________schools, transportation, restaurants, and parks, many of which were poorly funded and inferior to________of whites. Over the next 75 years, Jim Crow signs went up to separate the races in every________place.Passage 3The thousands of people forced to abandon their homes in recent weeks to floodwaters are victims not just of nature but of human error as well. Years of mismanagement of the vast Mississippi River ecosystem --- the continuous and often inadvisable construction oflevees(堤坝) andnavigation(导航) channels, the paving over of wetlands, the commercial development of flood plains --- have made the damage worse than it might otherwise have been.The Obama administration is now completing an inspection of the guidelines governing dams, levees and other water-related projects built with federal money.Historically, projects had been shaped by two main factors: the Army Corps of Engineers’ conviction that nature can be subdued by levees and dams, and its reflexive green-lighting of any flood control project that encouraged commercial or agricultural development. The new rules, Congress said, should require the Corps and other federal agencies to give equal weight to less easily measurable benefits like wildlife habitat and to “nonstructural” solutions to flood control like preserving wetlands, flood plains and other “natural systems.”The system of segregation also included the________of voting rights, known as disfranchisement. Between 1890 and 1910 all Southern states passed laws________requirements for voting that were used to prevent blacks from voting,________the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of theUnited States, which had been designed to protect black voting rights. These requirements included: the ability to read and write, which disqualified the many blacks who had not had the________to education; property ownership, something few blacks were able to acquire; and paying a poll tax (人头税) , which was too great a________on most Southern blacks, who were very poor.Because blacks could not vote, they were________powerless to prevent whites from segregating all aspects of Southern life. They could do little to stop________inpublic accommodations, education, economic opportunities, or housing. The ability to struggle for equality was even undermined by the________Jim Crow signs, which constantly reminded blacks of their________status in Southern society.