Section A Multiple ChoiceDirections:There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OnePeople do not travel for pleasure on the roads and trains leading into cities on weekday mornings; they are commuting. Commuters represent the exact opposite of Robert Louis Stevenson's view of traveling that“For my part, I travel not to go anywhere, but to go. I travel for travel's sake.”Commuters travel because they have to; the destination is the only thing that matters.Commuting is modern. Up until the 1950s most workers lived in the shadow of their workplace and within earshot of its whistle or hooter; people walked or cycled to work, even going home for their lunch. As cities grow and as the pressure on city center property increases, so ever more people have had to move further away from their place of work. The suburbs grow and this results in the awful rush hours, many of which tail back to the suburbs themselves. To ease the commuter congestion city governments build new roads, especially ring roads, but these generate more traffic, adding to the traffic jams and bad health. San Francisco introduced BART (the Bay Area Rapid Transit) to take the pressure off its roads, but after an initial positive response the scheme was overtaken by the sheer magnitude of commuter growth.Trains and subway systems are little better. In Tokyo“pushers”are employed to squeeze commuters into carriages. In London and New York the underground systems are near capacity and unpleasant to ride. In Paris petty crime on the Metro (地铁) is widespread. In Soweto the trains are so crowded that commuters hang on the outside of the“back only”trains. The associated health hazards are rivaled by those caused by traffic accidents and the stress-related diseases created by the tension in all forms of commuting.The bigger the city, the larger the daily commuting public and the longer the distances traveled. Many commuters see neither their house nor their children in daylight for almost six months of the year. In a large city like London the average daily time spent commuting to and from work is almost two hours. As a working day is eight hours or less, this means that the average commuter really“works”in excess of a six day week. Cities which try to alleviate the lot of the commuter are those which are most worth living in, but it is a hard and uphill task to do anything constructive. Special“Kiss and Ride”metro stations surround Washington, but are as little used as the“Ride-On”buses. People appear to prefer the traffic jams on the Beltway (环形公路).Although most people dislike the unpleasant“dead time”of commuting, some people turn it to their advantage. J. M. Keynes wrote his General Theory en route from London to Cambridge, and there are classes in French, business studies, bridge and chess (among other topics) on commuter trains into the London main-line stations. Other people, especially those who can afford the comfort of first-class tickets, catch up on their reading, do the preparation for the day's work, use their computers or the train telephones, or listen to music. Others take the view that commuting should make you fit. They walk, run, cycle, row, sail, skate and skate-board into work.(1) (单选题)San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit Scheme ________.A.could not cope with the numbers of passengersB.has been a big successC.took a long time to become successfulD.was eagerly awaited(2) (单选题)As a solution to the rise in the number of commuters, trains and subways are ________.A.more effective than new roadsB.not as effective as new roadsC.rather more effective than new roadsD.scarcely any more effective than new roads(3) (单选题)It is more pleasant to live in cities which ________.A.are small enough for people not to need to commuteB.encourage commutingC.have efficient public transport systemsD.improve conditions for commuters(4) (单选题)Washington's metro trains are ________.A.as popular as its busesB.as unpopular as its busesC.less popular than its busesD.more popular than its buses(5) (单选题)The conclusion we can draw from this passage is that ________.A.travelers can keep fit while commutingB.most travelers make the most of the time they spend commutingC.the majority of travelers don't enjoy wasting their time commutingD.most travelers exercise their minds while commuting