In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually was made up of saying poetry aloud and giving speeches.In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates (应试者）for the doctor's degree.Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, looks like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series (一系列）of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question, the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.1. In the Middle Ages students _____. A. took objective tests B. were timed by electric clocks C. specialized in one subject D. never wrote exams 2. The main idea of Paragraph Three is that _____. A. workers now take examinations B. the population has grown C. there are only written exams today D. examinations are now written and timed 3. The kind of exams where students must select answers are _____. A. objective B. personal C. spoken D. written 4. Modern industry must have developed _____. A. around the 19th century B. before the Middle Ages C. in Greece or Rome D. machines to take tests 5. It may be concluded that testing _____. A. should test only opinions B. should always be written C. is given only in factories D. has changed since the Middle Ages
In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually was made up of saying poetry aloud and giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates (应试者）for the doctor's degree.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, looks like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series (一系列）of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question, the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
1. In the Middle Ages students _____.
| A. took objective tests |
| B. were timed by electric clocks |
| C. specialized in one subject |
| D. never wrote exams |
2. The main idea of Paragraph Three is that _____.
| A. workers now take examinations |
| B. the population has grown |
| C. there are only written exams today |
| D. examinations are now written and timed |
3. The kind of exams where students must select answers are _____.
| A. objective |
| B. personal |
| C. spoken |
| D. written |
4. Modern industry must have developed _____.
| A. around the 19th century |
| B. before the Middle Ages |
| C. in Greece or Rome |
| D. machines to take tests |
5. It may be concluded that testing _____.
| A. should test only opinions |
| B. should always be written |
| C. is given only in factories |
| D. has changed since the Middle Ages |
题目解答
答案
本文的主要内容是作者就现在的测试表达的一些看法。
1. D
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written.在古代，最重要的考试都是口试，没有笔试。
因此，正确答案是D。
2. D
此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：Generally, however, modern examinations are written. 一般来讲，现在的考试都是笔试；A room full of candidates for a state examination timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers. 所有的考生都在一个房间，有规定的时间和老师认真的监考。
因此，正确答案是D。
3. A
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question, the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly. 出客观题的时候，老师先提出一系列的问题，每个问题后面都附有一个正确答案和几个相似的答案，学生被要求找出正确的答案。由此可知，学生必须选出答案的考试是客观考试。
因此，正确答案是A。
4. A
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. 笔试大约直到19世纪时才为大家所知，可能是由于人口的增加和现代工业的发展引发的。
因此，正确答案是A。
5. D
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. 笔试大约直到19世纪时才为大家所知。前文讲到，以前的考试是口试，到了中世纪笔试被人们所知以后，逐渐取代了口试，成为了主要的考试形式。
因此，正确答案是D。
解析
在中世纪，学生为了获得高级学位，需要与专门研究该学科的人讨论问题。这表明考试形式是口头的，而不是书面的。
步骤 2：理解现代考试形式
现代考试通常是书面的，所有学生都回答相同的问题。这与中世纪的考试形式不同。
步骤 3：理解客观测试的定义
客观测试是旨在处理事实而不是个人意见的测试。教师会编写一系列问题，每个问题只有一个正确答案，以及三个看起来像答案的陈述。
步骤 4：理解现代工业的发展
现代工业的发展可能与人口的增加和现代工业的发展有关。这导致了考试形式的改变，从口头考试变为书面考试。
步骤 5：理解考试形式的变化
考试形式从口头考试变为书面考试，这表明考试形式已经发生了变化。