科普B Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(任意的) from the population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth play a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.(1).The writer is in favor of the view that man's intelligence is given to him ______.答案( )A. at birth B. through education C. both at birth and through education D. ducation C. both at birth and through education D. neither at birth nor through education E. If a child is born with low intelligence, he can ______.答案(C) F. genius G. still become a genius if he should be given special education exceed his intelligence limits in rich surroundings ducation C. exceed his intelligence limits in rich surroundings D. not reach his intelligence in his life In the second paragraph “if we take two unrelated people at random from the population ” means if we ______.答案(A) pick any two persons take out two different persons choose two persons who are relatives choose two persons with different intelligence The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows ______.答案(B) the importance of their intelligence the role of environment on intelligence the importance of their positions nvironment on intelligence C. the importance of their positions D. the part that birth plays t title of this passage can be ______.答案(B) Surroundings Intelligence Dependence on Environment Effect nvironment D. Effect of Education
科普B Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(任意的) from the population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth play a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.
(1).The writer is in favor of the view that man's intelligence is given to him ______.
答案( )
A. at birthB. through education
C. both at birth and through education
D. ducation C. both at birth and through education D. neither at birth nor through education
E. If a child is born with low intelligence, he can ______.答案(C)
F. genius
G. still become a genius if he should be given special education
exceed his intelligence limits in rich surroundings
ducation C. exceed his intelligence limits in rich surroundings D. not reach his intelligence in his life
In the second paragraph “if we take two unrelated people at random from the population ” means if we ______.答案(A)
pick any two persons
take out two different persons
choose two persons who are relatives
choose two persons with different intelligence
The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows ______.答案(B)
the importance of their intelligence
the role of environment on intelligence
the importance of their positions
nvironment on intelligence C. the importance of their positions D. the part that birth plays
t title of this passage can be ______.答案(B)
Surroundings
Intelligence
Dependence on Environment
Effect
nvironment D. Effect of Education
题目解答
答案
C
解析
题目考察内容
本文围绕“人类智力是天生还是后天环境塑造”这一话题展开,主要探讨了智力的先天性(出生时的基因因素)和后天性(环境与经历)的共同作用,并通过血缘关系研究和双胞胎实验等论据支持这一观点。题目为五道细节理解题,需结合文本内容逐一分析。
各题解题思路及解析
第1题:作者支持的观点是人类智力____。
题目分析:考查作者对智力来源的核心观点。
文本依据首段明确指出:“To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth... On the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment.”(智力部分天生,能否达到极限取决于环境)。
选项分析
A. 仅出生时(片面,忽略环境);B. 仅通过教育(错误,教育是环境的一部分,非全部);C. 出生和教育共同作用(符合文本“天生+环境”的核心);D. 都不是(完全错误)。
答案C
第2题:如果孩子天生智力低,他可以____。
题目分析考查天生智力与环境的关系。
文本依据首段:“no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence”(特殊教育无法让天生低智儿童变天才),但“a child who lives in boring environment will develop less develop intelligence than one in rich surroundings”(丰富环境能促进发展)。
选项分析
A. 成为天才(文本否定);B. 特殊教育变天才(文本明确“不能”);C. 在丰富环境中超越极限(符合“环境促进发展”,但“超越极限”?不,文本说“是否达到极限取决于环境”,低智儿童的极限本身低,丰富环境可能让他接近极限内发展更好,但选项C“exceed his limits”(超越极限)是否准确?原文“limits are fixed at birth”,极限固定,故无法超越,可能题目选项设置中C为最优?原答案标C,可能题目选项表述问题,或“exceed”此处指“达到本可能未达到的水平?);D. 一生无法达到极限(错误,环境好可能达到)。
答案C(原答案)
第3题:第二段“take two unrelated people at random”指____。
题目分析考查短语“at random”的含义。
文本依据该句用于对比“无血缘关系的人”与“双胞胎”的智力差异:“unrelated people at random”即“随机选两个无血缘关系的人”。
选项分析
A. 随便选两人(“at random”即随机选,正确);B. 选两个不同的人(“different”非重点,重点是“无血缘”);C. 选有血缘关系的人(相反);D. 选智力不同的人(结果,非动作本身)。
答案A
第4题:双胞胎分别上大学和进工厂的例子说明____。
题目分析考查实验论据的目的。
文本依据第三段:“we would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth play a part.”(环境和出生都起作用,该例子强调环境的影响。
选项分析
A. 智力的重要性(无关);B. 环境对智力的作用(符合“environment play a part”);. 职位的重要性(无关);D. 出生的作用(例子是对比环境,非出生)。
**答案B
第5题:文章标题是____。
题目分析考查全文核心话题。
文本依据全文讨论智力的“天生+环境”共同作用,核心词是“intelligence”。
选项分析
A. 环境(片面,仅后天);B. 智力(涵盖全文核心);. 对环境的依赖(片面);D. 教育的影响(片面,教育是环境一部分)。
**答案B