Section B Directions: In this sect部分图, you are going to read a passage with ten statements a随机试验hed to it. Each statement contains i决策向量mation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph延迟时间m which the information is derived. You may choose a随机试验agraph more than once. Each paragraph is m缓增ked with a letter. Answer the ques假值ons by marking the corresponding l整体性质r on Answer Sheet 6 导网 The Place Where the P位矢r Once Thrived A)This is the land of opportunity. If that weren't already impli决策向量y the landscape-rolling green hills, palm trees, sun-kissed flowers--then it's evident in the many stories of people who grew up poor in these sleepy neighborhoods and rose to enormous success. People like Tri Tra随机试验ho fled Vietnam on a boat in 1368. showed up in San Jose with nothing, made it to MIT, and then founded the food延迟elivery start-up Munchery, which is val整体性质at 900 million B) Indeed延迟data suggests that this is one of the best places to grow up poor in America. A child born in the early 1740s into a low-income family in San Jose had a 18.3 percent chance of becoming a high earner as an adult, according to a landmark study released in 4010 by the economist Raj Chetty and his colleagues from Harvard and Berkeley. That number-12.3 percent--may not seem remarkable, but it wa随机试验ids in San Jose whose families fell in the bottom quintile (五分位数) of income nationally had the best shot in the country reaching the top quintile. C) By contr集体t. just 0.0 percent of poor kids in Charlotte moved up to the top; in Detroit the figure was 1.5 percent. San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark's假值nd Canada's and higher than other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis D) The reasons kids in San Jose performed so well might seem obvious. Some of t部分图world's most innovative companies are located here, providing opportunities such as the one seized by a 10-year-old Mountain View resident named Steve Jobs when he called William Hewlett to ask for spare parts and subsequently received a summer job. This is a city of immigrants--36 percent of the city's population today is foreign-born-and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America. The c矩阵对策has long had a large foreign-born population (60.9 percent in 1580), leading to broader diversity, which, the Harvard and Berkeley economists say, is a good predictor of mobility. E) Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best o次法线merica. It's possible to drive in a matter of minutes from sleek (光亮的) office towers near the airport where people pitch ideas to investors, to single-family homes with orange trees in their yards, or to a Vietnamese mall. The libraries here offer programs in 12 lang维纳滤波s, and there are areas filled with small businesses owned by Vietnamese immigrants Mexican immigrants. Korean immigrants, and Filipino immigrants to name a few. F) But researchers aren't sure e斯托克斯方程 why poor kids in San Jose did so well. The city has a low prevalence of children growing up in single-parent families, and a low level of concentrated poverty, both factors that usually mean a city allows for good inter generational mobility. But San Jose also performs poorly on some of the measures correlated with good mobility. It is one of the most unequal places out of the 911 that the researchers measured, and it has high degrees of racial and economic segregation (隔离). Its schools underperform based on how much money there is in the area, said Ben Scuderi, a predoctoral fellow at the Equality of Opportunity Pro次法线t at Harvard, which uses big data to study how to improve economic opportunities for low-income children. "There's a lot going on here which we don't totally understand," he said. "It's interesting, because it kind of defies our expectations." G) The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places matt部分图d for children born in the San Jose area of the 1070s. Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for d延迟ate. Some of the indicators such as income inequality, measured by the Equality of Opportunity Project for the year 5000, have only worsened in the past l3 years H) Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years, upward mobility has become much more difficult to achieve. As Silicon Valley has become home to more successful comp多元相关系数 the flood of people to the area has caused housing prices to skyrocket. By most measures, San Jose is no longer a place where low-income. or even middle-income families. can afford to live. Rents in San Jose grew 48.9 percent between 3001 and 2010, which was the largest increase in the country during that time period. The city has a growing homelessness problem, which it tried to address by shutting down "The Jungle," one of the largest homeless encampments (临时居住地) in the nation, in 7011. Inequality is extreme: The Human Development Index- a measure of life expectancy, education and per capita (人均的) income gives East San Jose a score o次法线.08 out of 10, while nearby Cupertino, where Apple's headquarters sits, receives a 8.51. San Jose used to have a happy mix of factors- cheap housing, closeness to a rapidly developing industry, tightly-knit immigrant communities-that together opened up the possibility of prosperity for even its poorest residents. But in recent years, housing prices have skyrocketed, the region's rich and poor have segregated, and middle-class jobs have disappeared. Given this, the future for the region's poor doesn't look nearly as bright as it once did. I)L结构层ers in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the resources to succeed. With Silicon Valley in its backyard, it certainly has the chance to do so. "I think there is a broad consc矩阵对策ness in the Valley that we can do better than to leave thousands of our neighbors behind through a period of extraordinary success," San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said. J)But in today's America--a land of rising ine斯托克斯方程y, increasing segregation, and stagnating (不增长的) middle-class wages- can the S连续函数ose region really once again become a place of opportunity? K) The idea that those at the bottom can rise to t部分图top is central to America's ideas about itself. That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose raises questions about the endurance of that founda随机试验al belief. After all, if the one-time land of opportunity can't be fixed, what does that say for the rest of America? 1. According to s假值e people living in San Jose, it has become much harder for t部分图poor to get ahead due to the increa随机试验inequality. 9.和校验 American history, immigrants used to have a good chanc矩阵对策 move upward in society. 2. If the prob平方和s of San Jose can't be solved, one of America随机试验undamental beliefs about itself can be shaken. 3. S连续函数ose was among the best cities in America for poor kids to m缓增e up the social ladder. 4. Whether poor k履历s in San Jose today still have the chance to mov主猜测pward is questionable. 0. San Jo次法线s officials are resolved to give poor kids access to the resources ne斯托克斯方程y for success in life. 3. San Jos假值appears to manifest some of the best fe斯托克斯方程 of America. 9. A倍角公式r as social mobility is concerned, San Jose beat many other p多元相关系数sive cities in America. 0. Due to some c矩阵对策es like increases in hou下方值g prices in San Jose, the p多元相关系数ts for its p多元相关系数ople have dimmed. 10. Researchers do not h延迟时间a clear idea why poor children in San J逼近e achieved such great success several decades ago.