Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.__________________________________________________________________________________________Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley' s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London' s Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million inthe run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation". The success of Parkrun offers answers. Parkun is not a race but a time trial; Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots" , concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government , it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has______.（分数：2.00） A.gained great popularity B.created many jobs C.strengthened community ties D.become an official festival(2).The author believes that London' s Olympic "legacy" has failed to______.（分数：2.00） A.boost population growth B.promote sport participation C.improve the city' s image D.increase sport hours in schools(3).Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it______.（分数：2.00） A.aims at discovering talents B.focuses on mass competition C.does not emphasize elitism D.does not attract first-timers(4).With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should______.（分数：2.00） anize "grassroots" sports events B.supervise local sports associations C.increase funds for sports clubs D.invest in public sports facilities(5).The author' s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is______.（分数：2.00） A.tolerant B.critical C.uncertain D.sympatheticWith so much focus on children' s use of screens, it' s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. "Teck is designed to really suck on you in," says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, " and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. " Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separateobservation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the " still face experiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother' s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child' s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky. On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an " oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: " It' s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you' re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them. " Tronick believes that just because a child isn' t learning from the screen doesn' t mean there' s no value to it— particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which let them be more available to their child the rest of the time.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to______.（分数：2.00） A.simplify routine matters B.absorb user attention C.better interpersonal relations D.increase work efficiency(2).Radesky' s food-testing exercise shows that mothers' use of devices______.（分数：2.00） A.takes away babies' appetite B.distracts children' s attention C.slows down babies' verbal development D.reduces mother-child communication(3).Radesky' s cites the "still face experiment" to show that______.（分数：2.00） A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions B.verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange C.children are insensitive to changes in their parents' mood D.parents need to respond to children' s emotional needs(4).The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_____,（分数：2.00） A.protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B.teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year C.ensure constant interaction with their children D.remain concerned about kid' s use of screens(5).According to Tronick, kid' s use of screens may______.（分数：2.00） A.give their parents some free time B.make their parents more creative C.help them with their homework D.help them become more attentiveToday, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn' t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn' t academic. But while this may be true, it' s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There' s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated " race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than________blunders. If you' re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn' t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It' s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.（分数：10.00）(1).One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that______.（分数：2.00） A.they think it academically misleading B.they have a lot of fun to expect in college C.it feels strange to do differently from others D.it seems worthless to take off-campus courses .(2).Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps______.（分数：2.00） A.keep students from being unrealistic B.lower risks in choosing careers C.ease freshmen' s financial burdens D.relieve freshmen of pressures(3).The word "acclimation"(Line 6, Para. 3)is closest in meaning to______.（分数：2.00） A.adaptation B.application C.motivation petition(4).A gap year may save money for students by helping them______.（分数：2.00） A.avoid academic failures B.establish long-term goals C.switch to another college