题目
Robots are famously cold，hard and unfeeling，so they may not be the greatest audience for your favourite knock-knock joke.However，scientists in Japan are looking to change their reputation，by teaching them when and how to laugh using artificial intelligence. The researchers created an android，named "Erica"，which they trained to detect laughter in conversation，then decide whether to laugh in response and what kind of laughter would be best.Her conversations and chuckles（轻笑）were then watched by volunteers，who decided whether her responses demonstrated empathy and human-likeness. Lead author Dr Koji Inoue，from Kyoto University，said： "We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy.Conversation is，of course，multi-modal，not just responding correctly.So we decided that one way a robot can empathize（产生共鸣）with users is to share their laughter，which you cannot do with a text-based chatbot（聊天机器）." The aim of the research was to develop an AI that can understand slight differences in humour.While it would be possible to train an algorithm（计算程序）to recognize laughter，or read out a joke，these abilities would not enable it to copy natural conversation. The researchers first developed a "shared-laughter " model for Erica to run，which would allow her to respond to human laughter as an empathetic response.This model asks three questions in order for the robot to appropriately respond to a conversational cue.First is "Did the user laugh？"，then "Will Erica laugh in response？" and finally，if she responds yes to both， "Which type of laughter is proper？".The types of laughter Erica would choose from are a "social laugh"，a polite chuckle to fill conversation when humour is not involved，or a "mirthful laugh" for funny situations. To teach the AI to use the shared-laughter model effectively，the researchers gathered data by sending the robot speed dating.Erica，who was remotely operated by four female actors，had over 80 dialogues with male university students.The laughter that appeared during the conversations was then classified into solo，social or mirthful.This was then used to train Erica's neural network how to decide when it is appropriate to laugh，and which type of laughter to use. 1.What the scientists in Japan exactly want to do in this research？ ______ A.To change the robot's reputation. B.To use artificial intelligence. C.To teach the robot when and how to laugh. D.To create a new android. 2.What can be inferred according to Dr Koji's words？ ______ A.Empathy is the most important function of conversational AI. B.Sharing their laughter can make a robot empathize with users. C.Multi-modal is one of the characteristics of conversation. D.Conversation only needs to respond correctly. 3.Which statement will the author probably agree with？ ______ A. text-based chatbot can have sympathy for others. B.An algorithm can not recognise laughter，and read out a joke. C.Erica can learn to laugh from three questions. D.The actors and students can give examples of laugh. 4.Which can be the best title for the text？ ______ A.Scientists try to teach a robot when it is appropriate to laugh. B.Robots know how to laugh after learning and training. C.A new trend is coming as artificial intelligence learns to laugh. D.Researchers try to teach a robot how to make a conversation.
Robots are famously cold，hard and unfeeling，so they may not be the greatest audience for your favourite knock-knock joke.However，scientists in Japan are looking to change their reputation，by teaching them when and how to laugh using artificial intelligence.
The researchers created an android，named "Erica"，which they trained to detect laughter in conversation，then decide whether to laugh in response and what kind of laughter would be best.Her conversations and chuckles（轻笑）were then watched by volunteers，who decided whether her responses demonstrated empathy and human-likeness.
Lead author Dr Koji Inoue，from Kyoto University，said： "We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy.Conversation is，of course，multi-modal，not just responding correctly.So we decided that one way a robot can empathize（产生共鸣）with users is to share their laughter，which you cannot do with a text-based chatbot（聊天机器）."
The aim of the research was to develop an AI that can understand slight differences in humour.While it would be possible to train an algorithm（计算程序）to recognize laughter，or read out a joke，these abilities would not enable it to copy natural conversation.
The researchers first developed a "shared-laughter " model for Erica to run，which would allow her to respond to human laughter as an empathetic response.This model asks three questions in order for the robot to appropriately respond to a conversational cue.First is "Did the user laugh？"，then "Will Erica laugh in response？" and finally，if she responds yes to both， "Which type of laughter is proper？".The types of laughter Erica would choose from are a "social laugh"，a polite chuckle to fill conversation when humour is not involved，or a "mirthful laugh" for funny situations.
To teach the AI to use the shared-laughter model effectively，the researchers gathered data by sending the robot speed dating.Erica，who was remotely operated by four female actors，had over 80 dialogues with male university students.The laughter that appeared during the conversations was then classified into solo，social or mirthful.This was then used to train Erica's neural network how to decide when it is appropriate to laugh，and which type of laughter to use.
1.What the scientists in Japan exactly want to do in this research？ ______
A.To change the robot's reputation.
B.To use artificial intelligence.
C.To teach the robot when and how to laugh.
D.To create a new android.
2.What can be inferred according to Dr Koji's words？ ______
A.Empathy is the most important function of conversational AI.
B.Sharing their laughter can make a robot empathize with users.
C.Multi-modal is one of the characteristics of conversation.
D.Conversation only needs to respond correctly.
3.Which statement will the author probably agree with？ ______
A. text-based chatbot can have sympathy for others.
B.An algorithm can not recognise laughter，and read out a joke.
C.Erica can learn to laugh from three questions.
D.The actors and students can give examples of laugh.
4.Which can be the best title for the text？ ______
A.Scientists try to teach a robot when it is appropriate to laugh.
B.Robots know how to laugh after learning and training.
C.A new trend is coming as artificial intelligence learns to laugh.
D.Researchers try to teach a robot how to make a conversation.
The researchers created an android，named "Erica"，which they trained to detect laughter in conversation，then decide whether to laugh in response and what kind of laughter would be best.Her conversations and chuckles（轻笑）were then watched by volunteers，who decided whether her responses demonstrated empathy and human-likeness.
Lead author Dr Koji Inoue，from Kyoto University，said： "We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy.Conversation is，of course，multi-modal，not just responding correctly.So we decided that one way a robot can empathize（产生共鸣）with users is to share their laughter，which you cannot do with a text-based chatbot（聊天机器）."
The aim of the research was to develop an AI that can understand slight differences in humour.While it would be possible to train an algorithm（计算程序）to recognize laughter，or read out a joke，these abilities would not enable it to copy natural conversation.
The researchers first developed a "shared-laughter " model for Erica to run，which would allow her to respond to human laughter as an empathetic response.This model asks three questions in order for the robot to appropriately respond to a conversational cue.First is "Did the user laugh？"，then "Will Erica laugh in response？" and finally，if she responds yes to both， "Which type of laughter is proper？".The types of laughter Erica would choose from are a "social laugh"，a polite chuckle to fill conversation when humour is not involved，or a "mirthful laugh" for funny situations.
To teach the AI to use the shared-laughter model effectively，the researchers gathered data by sending the robot speed dating.Erica，who was remotely operated by four female actors，had over 80 dialogues with male university students.The laughter that appeared during the conversations was then classified into solo，social or mirthful.This was then used to train Erica's neural network how to decide when it is appropriate to laugh，and which type of laughter to use.
1.What the scientists in Japan exactly want to do in this research？ ______
A.To change the robot's reputation.
B.To use artificial intelligence.
C.To teach the robot when and how to laugh.
D.To create a new android.
2.What can be inferred according to Dr Koji's words？ ______
A.Empathy is the most important function of conversational AI.
B.Sharing their laughter can make a robot empathize with users.
C.Multi-modal is one of the characteristics of conversation.
D.Conversation only needs to respond correctly.
3.Which statement will the author probably agree with？ ______
A. text-based chatbot can have sympathy for others.
B.An algorithm can not recognise laughter，and read out a joke.
C.Erica can learn to laugh from three questions.
D.The actors and students can give examples of laugh.
4.Which can be the best title for the text？ ______
A.Scientists try to teach a robot when it is appropriate to laugh.
B.Robots know how to laugh after learning and training.
C.A new trend is coming as artificial intelligence learns to laugh.
D.Researchers try to teach a robot how to make a conversation.
题目解答
答案
解析
考查要点：本题为阅读理解题，主要考查学生对说明文的细节理解、推理判断及标题归纳能力。文章围绕日本科学家利用人工智能训练机器人掌握恰当笑声的研究展开，需抓住核心目标（何时及如何让机器人笑）、关键观点（共享笑声促进共鸣）及实验过程（分类笑声数据训练模型）。
解题关键：
- 定位关键句：问题1-3需从原文中直接或间接提取信息，如首段明确研究目标，Dr. Koji的话隐含推理逻辑。
- 排除干扰项：如问题2需区分“重要功能”与“实现方式”，问题3需结合实验过程判断作者态度。
- 标题归纳：需概括文章最核心的创新点（何时恰当笑），而非泛泛描述（如“学习笑”或“趋势”）。
第1题
关键句：首段末句“teaching them when and how to laugh using artificial intelligence”直接点明研究目标。
干扰项分析：
- A项“改变机器人声誉”是研究的间接效果，非直接目标。
- B项“使用AI”是手段，非目的。
- D项“创造新机器人”是实验工具，非研究核心。
第2题
推理依据：Dr. Koji的话中“one way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter”表明共享笑声是实现共鸣的途径。
选项分析：
- B项“共享笑声让机器人产生共鸣”与原文逻辑一致。
- A项“同理心是最重要的功能”中“most important”为过度推断。
- C项“多模态是对话特征”虽正确，但非本句的推论。
第3题
实验过程分析：文中提到志愿者分类对话中的笑声（solo, social, mirthful），这些数据用于训练模型。
选项判断：
- D项“演员和学生提供笑例”符合实验设计，作者默认人类行为是训练基础。
- A项“文本聊天机器人有同理心”与文中“无法通过文本实现共享笑”矛盾。
- C项“ Erica通过三个问题学习笑”混淆了模型逻辑（三个问题用于决策，非学习过程）。
第4题
标题匹配：文章核心是训练机器人掌握“何时恰当笑”（shared-laughter model的三个决策步骤），而非泛泛的“如何笑”或“趋势”。
排除干扰项：
- B项“学习和训练后会笑”未突出“何时恰当”的核心。
- C项“AI学会笑的趋势”过于笼统。
- D项“如何对话”偏离笑声研究重点。