【2020·全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess______(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is______(extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular______(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so______the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4______(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it______(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon______(construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how______ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether______(it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack______dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters______had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and______(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting______(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many______(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were______(huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we______(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，______(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.4. 【2019·浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody______(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears______same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth______gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or______(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can______(easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer______this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want______(wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no______(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are______(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.5. 【2019·北京卷】阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOn the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I______(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously______(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to______(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.BEarth Day，______(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated______1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various______(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question______(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than______they go. The students benefitting most from college are those______are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and______(meaning)college experience.语法填空2018年Cloze 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ，15分 话题：跑步带来多种健康益处 词数：174According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years______(long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long______(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of______(die) early by running.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it______(be) more effective at lengthening life______walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014______showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all______(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to______(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always______(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give______a try.Cloze 2 2018全国卷II，15分 话题：调整农业结构 词数：184Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country______(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over______past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is______(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice______(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water______rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased______(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total______(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government______(start) a soil-testing program______gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while______(feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.Cloze 3 2018全国卷III，15分 话题：邂逅大猩猩 词数：184I’m not sure______is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at______top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the______(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid______(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel______(challenge).、My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a______(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching______these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find______(they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal______(mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: "I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me______(stay) and watch.Cloze 4 2018浙江，15分 话题：享受做饭的乐趣 词数：191Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese______（dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners______come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap______can be to eat out. I still remember______(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I______（shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to______(become)common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be______(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even______(high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in______(weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home______dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.2017年Cloze 1 2017全国卷Ⅰ，15分 话题：饮食与健康 词数：196阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)______a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side______(effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required______(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt______(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As______result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even______(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food______(be) full of fat and salt; by______(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be______(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,______is not good for the health.Cloze 2 2017全国卷Ⅱ，15分 话题：地下客运铁路 词数：181阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people 〖STF5〗to avoid terrible______(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and______work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over______top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.