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英语
题目

Her goal of encouraging her students to do their own thinking is similar to () of Professor Wyatt's.A. /B. thatC. thoseD. this

Her goal of encouraging her students to do their own thinking is similar to () of Professor Wyatt's. A. / B. that C. those D. this

题目解答

答案

我们来一步一步分析这个题目:

题目是:

Her goal of encouraging her students to do their own thinking is similar to ( ) of Professor Wyatt's.

选项是:

A. /
B. that
C. those
D. this

第一步:理解句子意思

这句话的意思是:

“她鼓励学生独立思考的目标,与怀亚特教授的(目标)相似。”

这里比较的是“她的目标”和“怀亚特教授的目标”是否相似。

第二步:分析句子结构

原句主干是:

Her goal ... is similar to ... of Professor Wyatt's.

这是一个比较结构:“A is similar to B”。

A 是 “Her goal of encouraging her students to do their own thinking”
B 是空格 + “of Professor Wyatt's”

我们需要填入一个代词,来指代“goal”(目标),因为不能重复说 “her goal ... is similar to Professor Wyatt's goal”,所以用代词代替“goal”。

第三步:确定代词指代的内容

我们要代替的是 “goal”,是一个单数、不可数或可数单数名词。

  • “goal” 是单数。
  • 所以我们需要一个单数代词来指代它。

来看选项:

A. / —— 什么也不填。如果空格不填,就成了 “is similar to of Professor Wyatt's”,这显然语法错误。“to” 后面不能直接跟 “of”,缺少名词。所以 A 错。

B. that —— “that” 可以用来指代前面提到的单数名词,尤其是为了避免重复。例如:My idea is different from that of John.(我的想法和约翰的不同。)这里的 “that” 就指 “idea”。结构正确。

C. those —— 这是复数代词,指代复数名词。但“goal”是单数,所以不能用 “those”。如果前面是 “goals”,才可能用 “those”。所以 C 错。

D. this —— “this” 也可以指代单数名词,但通常用于指代下文或将要说明的内容,或者在空间/逻辑上靠近说话者。在 “... is similar to this of ...” 这种结构中,语法不自然。“this of...” 很少这样用,通常说 “this goal of...” 而不是 “this of...”。所以 D 不合适。

第四步:确认 “that of” 结构

在英语中,我们常用 “that of” 来指代前面提到的单数名词,尤其是有后置修饰时。

例如:

  • The climate of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.
    (北京的气候比上海的气候冷。)→ “that” 指 “climate”

  • Her performance was better than that of her teammate.
    (她的表现比她队友的表现好。)→ “that” 指 “performance”

所以本句中:

“Her goal ... is similar to that of Professor Wyatt's.”
→ “that” 指 “her goal”,即 “the goal of Professor Wyatt”

注意:虽然 “Professor Wyatt's” 已经是所有格,但 “that of Professor Wyatt's” 看似重复,其实语法上是允许的,但更常见的是 “that of Professor Wyatt” 或直接 “Professor Wyatt's goal”。

不过在比较结构中,“that of + 所有格” 是可以接受的,尤其是为了清晰。

实际上,更自然的说法是:

→ “is similar to that of Professor Wyatt”
或
→ “is similar to Professor Wyatt's goal”

但题目中给出的是 “of Professor Wyatt's”,这是双重所有格,虽然略显冗余,但在英语中是允许的,比如 “a friend of my father's”。

所以 “that of Professor Wyatt's” 虽然有点啰嗦,但语法上成立。

第五步:排除法总结

  • A:缺主语,语法错误 ❌
  • B:that 指代单数 goal,结构正确 ✅
  • C:those 是复数,不匹配 ❌
  • D:this of... 不自然,不符合习惯用法 ❌

正确答案是:B. that

最终答案:

\boxed{B}

解析

本题考查代词的用法,重点是在比较结构中选择合适的代词指代前文提到的单数名词。

步骤1:理解句子含义与结构

句子主干为:Her goal ... is similar to ( ) of Professor Wyatt's.
这是一个比较结构(A is similar to B),其中:

  • A:Her goal of encouraging her students to do their own thinking(她鼓励学生独立思考的目标)
  • B:空格 + of Professor Wyatt's(怀亚特教授的目标)

需要填入代词指代goal(单数名词),避免重复。

步骤2:分析选项

  • A. /(不填):若不填,句子变为is similar to of Professor Wyatt's,语法错误(to后缺少名词),排除。
  • B. that:指代前文提到的单数名词(如goal),是比较结构中常用的替代词(避免重复),例如:My idea is different from that of John.(我的想法和约翰的不同),符合语法和语义,正确。
  • C. those:复数代词,指代复数名词,而goal是单数,排除。
  • D. this:虽可指代单数名词,但通常用于指代下文或近距离事物,this of...结构不自然(常见this goal of...而非this of...),排除。

步骤3:确认“that of”结构的合理性

在比较结构中,that of用于指代前文单数名词,例如:The climate of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.(北京的气候比上海冷),本句中that指代goal,that of Professor Wyatt's(虽略显冗余,但语法允许),符合习惯用法。

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