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What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging?A. Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.B. Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.C. Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.D. Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.

What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging? A. Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power. B. Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory. C. Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain. D. Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.

题目解答

答案

这道题目是一个英文阅读理解题,要求我们根据2012年发表在《Psychology and Aging》(《心理学与衰老》)期刊上的一项研究,选择正确的研究发现。

我们来逐项分析选项,并结合相关背景知识进行推理。

首先,我们需要知道《Psychology and Aging》是一本专注于成年人心理发展,尤其是与年龄相关的认知、情绪和社会行为变化的权威学术期刊。2012年该期刊上有一项著名研究,探讨了认知活动(如玩数字游戏、解谜等)对老年人认知功能的影响。

研究背景回顾(根据真实研究):
2012年,心理学家对老年人进行了一项长期追踪研究,考察参与认知刺激活动(如数独、填字游戏、记忆训练等)是否有助于维持或提升他们的认知能力。研究发现,那些积极参与认知挑战活动的老年人,在推理能力、处理速度和记忆方面表现出更好的保持状态。

我们来看选项:

A. Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.
(希望解谜能增强人的推理能力。)
这个选项强调“愿望”(wishing),但研究关注的是实际参与解谜活动,而不是“愿望”本身。因此这个选项夸大了动机的作用,不够准确。

B. Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.
(玩数字游戏出乎意料地刺激了人的记忆。)
这个选项提到“出乎意料地”(unexpectedly),但研究结果是预期之中的,许多研究都表明认知活动有助于记忆。此外,该研究更强调推理和处理速度,而不仅仅是记忆。因此这个选项不准确。

C. Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.
(渴望新体验有助于重塑大脑。)
这个选项听起来像“寻求新奇体验”对大脑有益,这更接近“认知储备”或“神经可塑性”的概念。但2012年《Psychology and Aging》的这项研究主要关注的是参与具体认知活动(如训练项目),而不是“渴望”或“人格特质”。因此这个选项偏离了研究重点。

D. Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.
(学习新技能不应只限于老狗。)
这是一个英语习语。“You can't teach an old dog new tricks”意思是“老人学不了新东西”。而这个选项说“不应局限于老狗”,即:老年人也可以学习新技能,反驳了传统观念。这正是2012年该研究的核心结论之一:通过训练,老年人的认知能力可以得到提升,大脑仍具有可塑性。

因此,正确选项是 D,它用幽默的方式表达了研究的核心发现:老年人通过学习新技能(如认知训练),仍然可以改善认知功能,挑战了“老年人无法学习新东西”的刻板印象。

答案:D
解题过程总结:
本题考察对研究结论的理解。2012年《Psychology and Aging》的研究表明,老年人参与认知训练可以提升认知能力,说明大脑在老年期仍具可塑性。选项D用习语反讽的方式表达了“老年人也能学习新技能”的科学发现,是最符合研究主旨的选项。

\boxed{D}

解析

本题考查对英文阅读理解中研究发现的理解。解题思路是先明确题目要求是找出2012年发表在《Psychology and Aging》期刊上研究的发现,然后结合该期刊相关研究背景知识,对每个选项进行细致分析,判断其是否准确反映研究结论。

  • 选项A:
    • 选项内容为“Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.”,即希望解谜能增强人的推理能力。
    • 研究重点在于实际参与解谜活动对认知能力的影响,而非“希望”这一动机本身。所以该选项夸大了动机的作用,不符合研究实际情况,不准确。
  • 选项B:
    • 选项内容为“Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.”,即玩数字游戏出乎意料地刺激了人的记忆。
    • 研究结果是在预期之中的,并非“出乎意料”。并且该研究更强调推理和处理速度,而不只是记忆。所以此选项不准确。
  • 选项C:
    • 选项内容为“Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.”,即渴望新体验有助于重塑大脑。
    • 2012年《Psychology and Aging》的这项研究主要关注的是参与具体认知活动(如训练项目),而不是“渴望”这种人格特质。所以该选项偏离了研究重点。
  • 选项D:
    • 选项内容为“Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.”,这是一个英语习语,“You can't teach an old dog new tricks”意思是“老人学不了新东西”,而此选项表达的是老年人也可以学习新技能,反驳了传统观念。
    • 这与2012年该研究的核心结论一致,即通过训练,老年人的认知能力可以得到提升,大脑仍具有可塑性。所以该选项正确。

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