题目
Part III (40 minutes) Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Scientists have known that depriving adult mice of vision can increase the sensitivity of individual neurons (神经元) in the part of the brain devoted to hearing. New research from biologists at the University of Maryland 26 that sight deprivation also changes the way brain cells 27 with one another, shifting the mice's sensitivity to different frequencies. "This study _28_ what we are learning about how manipulating vision can have a_29_ effect on the ability of an animal to hear long after the window for auditory(听觉的) learning was thought to have _ 30 ... said Patrick Kanold, senior author of the study. It was once thought that the sensory regions of the brain were not _31_ after a critical period in childhood. This is why children learn languages much more _32_ than adults. Kanold's earlier research disproved this idea by showing that depriving adult mice of vision for a short period increased the sensitivity of individual neurons in the auditory cortex(皮质), which is devoted to hearing. Young brains wire themselves according to the sounds they hear frequently, assigning areas of the auditory cortex to _33_ firequencies based on what they are used to hearing. The researchers found that, in adult mice,a week in the dark also changed the _34_ of space to different frequencies. ) that it may have to do with "We don't know why we are seeing these patterns,"Kanold said."We ( what the mice are paying attention to while they are in the dark." A) adaptable 1) readily B) closed J) registered C) distribution K) reinforces D) interact L) revealed E) narration M) significant F) neutral N) specific G) permanently O) speculate H) prescribes
Part III (40 minutes) Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Scientists have known that depriving adult mice of vision can increase the sensitivity of individual neurons (神经元) in the part of the brain devoted to hearing. New research from biologists at the University of Maryland 26 that sight deprivation also changes the way brain cells 27 with one another, shifting the mice's sensitivity to different frequencies. "This study _28_ what we are learning about how manipulating vision can have a_29_ effect on the ability of an animal to hear long after the window for auditory(听觉的) learning was thought to have _ 30 ... said Patrick Kanold, senior author of the study. It was once thought that the sensory regions of the brain were not _31_ after a critical period in childhood. This is why children learn languages much more _32_ than adults. Kanold's earlier research disproved this idea by showing that depriving adult mice of vision for a short period increased the sensitivity of individual neurons in the auditory cortex(皮质), which is devoted to hearing. Young brains wire themselves according to the sounds they hear frequently, assigning areas of the auditory cortex to _33_ firequencies based on what they are used to hearing. The researchers found that, in adult mice,a week in the dark also changed the _34_ of space to different frequencies. ) that it may have to do with "We don't know why we are seeing these patterns,"Kanold said."We ( what the mice are paying attention to while they are in the dark." A) adaptable 1) readily B) closed J) registered C) distribution K) reinforces D) interact L) revealed E) narration M) significant F) neutral N) specific G) permanently O) speculate H) prescribes
题目解答
答案
### 解析
1. **26题**：根据上下文，这里需要一个动词来表示“新的研究揭示了……”。因此，选择 **L) revealed**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“来自马里兰大学的生物学家的新研究揭示了视觉剥夺也会改变脑细胞之间的相互作用方式”。
2. **27题**：这里需要一个动词来描述脑细胞之间的相互作用。因此，选择 **D) interact**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“视觉剥夺也会改变脑细胞之间的相互作用方式，改变老鼠对不同频率的敏感度”。
3. **28题**：这里需要一个动词来表示“这项研究强化了我们对……的了解”。因此，选择 **K) reinforces**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“这项研究强化了我们对如何通过操纵视觉来对动物的听觉能力产生长期影响的了解”。
4. **29题**：这里需要一个形容词来描述影响的程度。因此，选择 **M) significant**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“这项研究强化了我们对如何通过操纵视觉来对动物的听觉能力产生显著长期影响的了解”。
5. **30题**：这里需要一个动词来表示“关闭”。因此，选择 **B) closed**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“这项研究强化了我们对如何通过操纵视觉来对动物的听觉能力产生显著长期影响的了解，即使在听觉学习的窗口期被认为已经关闭之后”。
6. **31题**：这里需要一个形容词来描述大脑的可塑性。因此，选择 **A) adaptable**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“人们曾经认为，大脑的感官区域在儿童时期的某个关键期之后就不再具有可塑性”。
7. **32题**：这里需要一个副词来描述儿童学习语言的速度。因此，选择 **I) readily**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“这就是为什么儿童比成人更容易学习语言”。
8. **33题**：这里需要一个形容词来描述频率的特定性。因此，选择 **N) specific**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“年轻的大脑会根据它们经常听到的声音来布线，将听觉皮质的区域分配给特定的频率”。
9. **34题**：这里需要一个名词来描述频率的分布。因此，选择 **C) distribution**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“研究人员发现，在成年老鼠中，一周的黑暗也改变了对不同频率的空间分布”。
10. **35题**：这里需要一个动词来表示“推测”。因此，选择 **O) speculate**。
- **解析**：这句话的意思是“我们不知道为什么我们会看到这些模式，我们推测这可能与老鼠在黑暗中注意的事情有关”。
### 答案
26. **L) revealed**
27. **D) interact**
28. **K) reinforces**
29. **M) significant**
30. **B) closed**
31. **A) adaptable**
32. **I) readily**
33. **N) specific**
34. **C) distribution**
35. **O) speculate**
解析
本节为选词填空题，要求从词库中为文章的10个空白处选择合适的单词，每个单词只能用一次。解题关键是结合上下文语义、语法结构及单词含义进行判断。
26题
分析句子结构，此处需要及物动词作谓语，且能与“new research”（新研究）搭配，表达“揭示/显示”研究结果的含义。词库中L) revealed（揭示）符合语境，指新研究“揭示了”视觉剥夺对脑细胞的影响。
27题
空白处需动词描述脑细胞之间的行为，与“with one another”搭配。D) interact（互动/相互作用）符合逻辑，“change the way brain cells interact with one another”表示“改变脑细胞相互作用的方式”。
28题
此处需动词表示“加强/支持”对某认知的理解。K) reinforces（强化）符合文意，“This study reinforces what we are learning”指“这项研究强化了我们的认知”。
29题
需形容词修饰“effect”（影响），强调影响的程度。M) significant（显著的）符合语境，“have a significant effect”表示“产生显著影响”。
30题
空白处需动词与“window for auditory learning”（听觉学习窗口期）搭配，表达“关闭”之意。B) closed（关闭）符合逻辑，“was thought to have closed”指“被认为已经关闭”。
31题
需形容词描述“sensory regions of the brain”（大脑感觉区域）的特性，与“after a critical period”（关键期后）对应。A) adaptable（可适应的/可塑的）符合文意，指“关键期后不再具有可塑性”。
32题
需副词修饰“learn languages”（学习语言），对比儿童与成人的学习效率。I) readily（容易地）符合语境，“learn much more readily”表示“学得更容易”。
33题
需形容词修饰“frequencies”（频率），表达“特定的”含义。N) specific（特定的）符合逻辑，“assign areas to specific frequencies”指“将区域分配给特定频率”。
34题
需名词描述“space to different frequencies”（不同频率的空间）的状态变化。C) distribution（分布）符合文意，“changed the distribution”表示“改变了空间分布”。
35题
需动词表达“猜测/推测”的含义，与“why we are seeing these patterns”（为何出现这些模式）对应。O) speculate（推测）符合语境，“We speculate that...”指“我们推测……”。