题目
https:/img.zuoyebang.cc/zyb_7799087af0a37bad4c44aafa78886ed8.jpg-4 试求习题 https:/img.zuoyebang.cc/zyb_7799087af0a37bad4c44aafa78886ed8.jpg-4 图(a)所示四分之一圆形截面对于x轴和y轴的惯性矩Ix,Iy和惯性-|||-积Ixy。-|||-y-|||-r-|||-0 x-|||-(a)

题目解答
答案

解析
步骤 1:确定惯性矩和惯性积的定义
惯性矩Ix和Iy定义为:
\[ I_x = \int_A y^2 dA, \quad I_y = \int_A x^2 dA \]
惯性积Ixy定义为:
\[ I_{xy} = \int_A xy dA \]
步骤 2:利用极坐标系进行积分
由于截面是极对称的,我们采用极坐标系进行积分。极坐标系中,x和y的表达式为:
\[ x = \rho \cos \theta, \quad y = \rho \sin \theta \]
其中,$\rho$是极径,$\theta$是极角。
步骤 3:计算惯性矩Ix和Iy
由于截面是极对称的,Ix和Iy相等。我们计算Ix:
\[ I_x = \int_A y^2 dA = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \int_0^r (\rho \sin \theta)^2 \rho d\rho d\theta \]
\[ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2 \theta d\theta \int_0^r \rho^3 d\rho \]
\[ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2 \theta d\theta \cdot \frac{1}{4} r^4 \]
\[ = \frac{1}{4} r^4 \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2 \theta d\theta \]
\[ = \frac{1}{4} r^4 \cdot \frac{\pi}{4} \]
\[ = \frac{1}{16} \pi r^4 \]
因此,Ix = Iy = $\frac{1}{16} \pi r^4$。
步骤 4:计算惯性积Ixy
\[ I_{xy} = \int_A xy dA = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \int_0^r (\rho \cos \theta)(\rho \sin \theta) \rho d\rho d\theta \]
\[ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin \theta \cos \theta d\theta \int_0^r \rho^3 d\rho \]
\[ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin \theta \cos \theta d\theta \cdot \frac{1}{4} r^4 \]
\[ = \frac{1}{4} r^4 \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin \theta \cos \theta d\theta \]
\[ = \frac{1}{4} r^4 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
\[ = \frac{1}{8} r^4 \]
惯性矩Ix和Iy定义为:
\[ I_x = \int_A y^2 dA, \quad I_y = \int_A x^2 dA \]
惯性积Ixy定义为:
\[ I_{xy} = \int_A xy dA \]
步骤 2:利用极坐标系进行积分
由于截面是极对称的,我们采用极坐标系进行积分。极坐标系中,x和y的表达式为:
\[ x = \rho \cos \theta, \quad y = \rho \sin \theta \]
其中,$\rho$是极径,$\theta$是极角。
步骤 3:计算惯性矩Ix和Iy
由于截面是极对称的,Ix和Iy相等。我们计算Ix:
\[ I_x = \int_A y^2 dA = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \int_0^r (\rho \sin \theta)^2 \rho d\rho d\theta \]
\[ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2 \theta d\theta \int_0^r \rho^3 d\rho \]
\[ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2 \theta d\theta \cdot \frac{1}{4} r^4 \]
\[ = \frac{1}{4} r^4 \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2 \theta d\theta \]
\[ = \frac{1}{4} r^4 \cdot \frac{\pi}{4} \]
\[ = \frac{1}{16} \pi r^4 \]
因此,Ix = Iy = $\frac{1}{16} \pi r^4$。
步骤 4:计算惯性积Ixy
\[ I_{xy} = \int_A xy dA = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \int_0^r (\rho \cos \theta)(\rho \sin \theta) \rho d\rho d\theta \]
\[ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin \theta \cos \theta d\theta \int_0^r \rho^3 d\rho \]
\[ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin \theta \cos \theta d\theta \cdot \frac{1}{4} r^4 \]
\[ = \frac{1}{4} r^4 \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin \theta \cos \theta d\theta \]
\[ = \frac{1}{4} r^4 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
\[ = \frac{1}{8} r^4 \]