who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.近千人在这一社区居住,他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的。考点二 介词提前了的定语从句1.与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。2.与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。Patience,without which you can't do the work well,is a kind of quality.耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心,你不能做好工作。3.of+which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which(=whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古老的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。考点三 关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词在定语从句中作状语,when指时间,where指地点,why指原因,在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。After graduation I'd like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.毕业后我要找到一份能利用在学校所学知识的一份工作。2.先行词是时间名词或地点名词时,如果在从句中不作状语,则不能用when或where引导定语从句,而要用which/that。Is this the reason(that /which)he gave us for the delay of the project?这是他给出工程推迟的原因吗?考点四 先行词为point, situation, case等的定语从句point,situation,case,activity等,从表面上看它们不是表地点的,但却表示类似地点的意义,因此它们作先行词时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,那么这个引导词要用where;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where作状语)把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(where作状语)我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作宾语)现在只有一点我希望你弄清楚。考点五 主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语,位于主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况下由it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句子的后面,其句型结构为:It+be+n./adj.+that/whether/why/when+从句。It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.我真的没有想到你能说服他改变主意。It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管已经有两千名病人服用了这种药品,但是,这种药品会带来什么副作用还不明确。Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn't been proved up to now.外太空是否存在像地球上一样的生物迄今尚未确定考点六 同位语从句1.同位语从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt 等名词的后面,是对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.看起来似乎李华在一百米比赛中没有可能获得一等奖。There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.欧洲人普遍相信鸡汤可以帮助治愈流感。The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.每一个成员国是否均等分担委员会的费用在会议上提出。I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明,引导词只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制,引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句,进一步解释“the news”的内容)The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句,它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)考点七 表语从句表语从句在句中作表语,位于主句的系动词之后。引导表语从句的连词有that,whether,as if;疑问代词有who,what,which;疑问副词where,why,when,how等。The problem is that we don't have much time left.问题是我们剩下的时间很少。My question is who is responsible for all this.我的问题是谁对这事负责。考点八“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的区别“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思,但是用法有区别:“疑问词+ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句,而“no matter+疑问词只能用来引导状语从句。The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get.这位可怜的年青人无论什么样的帮助都乐意接受。The howto book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.指南类的书对想从事这项工作的人会有帮助。Whatever/No matter what you say ,I will not believe you.无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。语法训练1.(2011年高考重庆卷) It is still under discussion________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A、 whetherB、 whenC、 whichD、 where