logo
  • write-homewrite-home-active首页
  • icon-chaticon-chat-activeAI 智能助手
  • icon-pluginicon-plugin-active浏览器插件
  • icon-subjecticon-subject-active学科题目
  • icon-uploadicon-upload-active上传题库
  • icon-appicon-app-active手机APP
首页
/
英语
题目

Passage Two-|||-Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.-|||-Is science infinite?Can it keep giving us profound insights into the world forever? Or is it already bumping-|||-into limits? In his 2011 book The Beginning of Infinity physicist David Deutsch made the case for-|||-boundlessness.When I asked him about consciousness,he re think nothing worth understanding will-|||-always remain a mystery.And consciousness apems a understanding."-|||-At a meeting I just attended in Switzerland,"The Mystery of Human Consciousness,"anot famous-|||-British physicist,Martin Rees,challenged Deutsch`s optimism.In that essay Rees calls The Beginning of-|||-Infinity"provocative and excellent but disputes Deutsch`s central claim that science is boundless.Science-|||-will hit the buffers(缓冲区)at some point,"Rees warns.-|||-There are two reasons why this might happen. The optimistic one is that we clean up and understand-|||-certain areas (such as atomic physics)to the point that there`s no more to say.A second,more worrying-|||-possibility is that we`ll reach the limits of what our brains can grasp. There might be concepts,crucial to a full-|||-understanding of physical reality.Efforts to understand very complex systems,such as our own brains,might-|||-well be the first to hit such limits. Perhaps complex collectives of at whether brains or electronic-|||-machines,can never know all there is to know about themselves.-|||-The riddle of consciousness is a synecdoche for the riddle of humanity.What are we,really?For most of-|||-our history,religion has given us the answer.We are immortal souls,striving to reach heaven.Most modern-|||-scientists reject these religious explanations,bu they cannot agree on an alternative.They have proposed a-|||-bewildering variety of answers to the question of what we really are.-|||-Science will never resolv these disagreements and c on a single, true theory of what we are,for-|||-two reasons. One is that we will never have a"consciousness meter,"an objective means of measuring-|||-consciousness in non-huma things. The other is that we are too varying,too creative, to be captured by a-|||-single theory. Science itself keeps transforming with technologies as dive as brain implants,genetic-|||-therapy and ideas as diverse as queer theory and integrated information th To be human means to be a-|||-work in progress.-|||-Deutsch`s claim that science is infinite also has a contradiction at its core.He wants science to solve the-|||-deepest mysteries, like consciousness,and yet to have more mysteries to solve,forever.That is a radical-|||-assertion about the structure of nature,which to my mind reflects wishful thinking rather than hardheaded-|||-realism.-|||-Deutsch is both wrong and right.He is wrong that science can solve every mystery,and especially-|||-consciousness.We will never understand,once and for all,who we are.But Deutsch is right that science is-|||-potentially infinite, if infinite means -ending is precisely because we can never achieve total self-|||-knowledge that we will keep seeking it forever.-|||-51.Which of the following statements may David Deutsch agree with?-|||-A)The case study of physics should be unlimited.-|||-B)The scientific mysteries are worth understanding.-|||-C)The puzzle of consciousness will be worked out.-|||-D)Science will finally hit a bottleneck somewhere.-|||-52.The real reason for science to"hit the buffers"may be that __ _.-|||-A)science will inevitably experience its bottleneck period-|||-B)the cognitive ability of humanity cannot be boundless-|||-C)people are overoptimist about the development of science-|||-D)complicated systems are unable to be fully understood-|||-53.According to the author,the riddle of consciousness __ --|||-A)has been properly worked out by religious theories-|||-B)is made more perplexed by modern science-|||-C)will be solved in science`s debate again religion-|||-D)is the utmost challenge of human understanding-|||-54.What does the author mean by saying"To be human means to be a work in progress." (IIees5-6,Para,5)?-|||-A)Human consciousness is hard to be measured.-|||-B)Human consciousness is fo advancing.-|||-C)Humanity is working hard to make progress.-|||-D)Humanity is always changi developing.-|||-55.What does the author think of Deutsch`s point of view?-|||-B)Completely irrational. D)Quite encouraging.-|||-A)Partially acceptable. C)Somewhat groundless.

题目解答

答案

解析

本文围绕科学的无限性、意识之谜等话题展开,探讨了大卫·多伊奇(David Deutsch)与马丁·里斯(Martin Rees)对科学发展的不同观点,以及意识之谜对人类自我认知的挑战。

51. 大卫·多伊奇可能同意的观点

定位到第一段:大卫·多伊奇认为“没有什么值得理解的事情会永远是个谜,意识显然值得理解”,暗含意识之谜终将被解决。

  • A:未提及物理学“个案研究无限制”,排除;
  • B:曲解原文,多伊奇强调“值得理解的会被解开”,而非“谜题值得理解”本身,排除;
  • C:符合其“意识值得理解且终将被解决”的观点,正确;
  • D:是马丁·里斯的观点,与多伊奇相反,排除。

52. 科学“进入缓冲区”的真正原因

定位到第二段和第三段:里斯指出两个原因,“更令人担忧的可能性”是人类大脑认知能力有限。

  • A:“瓶颈期”非核心原因,排除;
  • B:“人类认知能力无界”的否定,即认知有限,符合“大脑极限”的核心原因,正确;
  • C:“过度乐观”非直接原因,排除;
  • D:“复杂系统无法完全理解”是认知极限的结果,非原因,排除。

53. 作者对“意识之谜”的看法

定位到第三段和第四段:意识之谜是“人类之谜的提喻”,复杂系统(如大脑)可能无法自我完全理解,是人类认知的终极挑战。

  • A:宗教解释未被作者认可为“恰当解决”,排除;
  • B:现代科学未“加剧困惑”,只是未达成共识,排除;
  • C:未提及“科学与宗教辩论解决”,排除;
  • D:“人类理解的终极挑战”符合“提喻人类之谜”的表述,正确。

54. “人类是未完成的作品”的含义

定位到第五段:人类“太变化无常、太有创造力”,科学不断改变人类,故“持续发展变化”。

  • A:“意识难测量”是另一原因,非此句含义,排除;
  • B:“意识永远进步”与作者“意识可能有极限”矛盾,排除;
  • C:“努力进步”过于宽泛,未体现“变化创造性”,排除;
  • D:“不断变化发展”符合文意,正确。

55. 作者对多伊奇观点的态度

定位到最后一段:“多伊奇有错也有对——错在‘科学解决所有谜题’,对在‘科学潜力无限(永无止境)’”,即部分认可。

  • A:“部分可接受”符合“有错有对”,正确;
  • B:“完全不合理”与“有对”矛盾,排除;
  • C:“缺乏根据”未提及,排除;
  • D:“非常令人振奋”未体现,排除。

相关问题

  • 1.A:Here is my business card.-|||-B: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B.Wonderful.Is it between-|||-school teams?-|||-C.Thank you for the nice party D.Thanks.This is mine.-|||-2.Alice:Is there any typical Chinese festival you celebrate every year?-|||-Bob: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B. I bet it will.-|||-C.It`s so stuffy and no wind at all. D.Yes,there are many.The-|||-Dragon Boat Festival is one of them.

  • These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. ()A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription

  • Never before in my career _ _ of an assignment A have l frightened B had I frightened C had I been frightened D have I been frightened

  • 23.有一串钥匙在沙发上。Aset of keys _______on the sofa./ There is _________on the sofa.24.问李老师要你的书吧。________Ms. Li ________yourbook!25.请给老赵打电话。_________Old Zhao ______13096935553..26.这条蓝色的裤子是他的吗?Isthis pair of trousers _________?27.我的父母在第一张照片里。_______________are in the first photo.28.谢谢你帮助我。Thankyou for ________________./ Thank you for _____________.29.那个女孩姓王。Thegirl’s __________is Wang./ The girl’s ______________is Wang.30.那只小狗叫什么名字?What’s__________the dog? / What’s ____________name?31.今天玩得开心点!___________today! / Have a good time today!32.这有两张漂亮的她家的全家福。Here_______two nice photos of her family.

  • If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working

  • The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.

  • Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (51) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (52) served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never (53) likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables in the child’s hearing he is (54) to copy this procedure. Take it (55) granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (56) dislike. At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small portion and let him (57) back for a second helping rather than give him as much as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (58) meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food (59) he can hurry back to his toys. Under (60) circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.55()。A. withB. asC. overD. for

  • Responsibilities ______becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through

  • Whenever I have trouble ( ) many problems, I ask Jack for help.A. dealing withB. to deal withC. on dealing withD. deal with

  • We were always encouraged to focus on constructing the most out of the situation ______. A. at hand B. on hand C. in hand D. by hand

  • Dreams can be a rich source of ___________ for an artist. (inspire)

  • 26)Could she picture him ___ politics with her father in the drawing-room at her home ?A. discussingB. to discussC. as to discussD. that discusses

  • Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate

  • In some families,new adults and kids seem to slip in effortlessly, ____ they have been there all along.A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. as though

  • 6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling

  • Americans experience more food recalls (召回) today than they did five years ago, especially when it comes to meat and poultry (家禽). Meat and poultry recalls increased by two-thirds from 2013 to 2018, while food recalls overall went up 10%, according to the report recently published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.Meanwhile, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates (估计) 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from food-borne disease each year in the U.S. "We are looking for the farm-to-fork preventative solutions," said Adam Garber, the research group's consumer watchdog. "By doing that, we can protect people's health."Over the five-year period, poultry posted the most recalls (168), followed by beef (137) and pork (128). The report shows the most serious meat recalls are on the rise. Among meat and poultry, the number of Class I recalls has increased by 83%, nearly doubling. Class I, the most serious of the recalls, is issued when there is a reasonable probability that the food will cause health problems or death.53. When would Class I recalls be issued?A. When the food is likely to cause health problems or death.B. When there are too many complaints from customers.C. When the food problem lasts for five years.D. When the product quality is below standard.

  • The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted

  • The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.

  • Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.Each word can be used only once. budget defy dilemma diverseloyalty manipulate objectivePerspective tackle urge (1)The ____ of the "upright"message is to ask people to save,while the "permissive"message asks people to spend.(2)If you find yourself in a(n) ____ about what is the right decision for your career,speak to a career counselor.(3)It is important for parents to listen to their children's opinion because they may have a very different ____ on the things they've seen.(4)To cater for the different tastes of athletes from all over the world,the organizers of the Beijing Winter Olympics prepared ____ dishes.(5)If you want to save money for a rainy day making a(n) ____ is the first step you may want to take because it gives you a clear plan.(6)The Chinese legend goes that Yue Fei's mother tattooed four Chinese characters on his back to remind him of the importance of ____ to the nation.(7)When children are addicted to online games,they would often ____ their parents and stay online for hours every day.(8)The report goes on to ____ the technicians to take a more active role in developing the standards of artificial intelligence.

上一页下一页
logo
广州极目未来文化科技有限公司
注册地址:广州市黄埔区揽月路8号135、136、137、138房
关于
  • 隐私政策
  • 服务协议
  • 权限详情
学科
  • 医学
  • 政治学
  • 管理
  • 计算机
  • 教育
  • 数学
联系我们
  • 客服电话: 010-82893100
  • 公司邮箱: daxuesoutijiang@163.com
  • qt

©2023 广州极目未来文化科技有限公司 粤ICP备2023029972号    粤公网安备44011202002296号