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Which of the following inventory costing methods are allowedA. FIFOB. Specific identification methodC. LIFOD. Average cost method

Which of the following inventory costing methods are allowed

A. FIFO

B. Specific identification method

C. LIFO

D. Average cost method

题目解答

答案

ABD
A. FIFO
B. Specific identification method
D. Average cost method

解析

本题考查存货成本计算方法的相关知识。解题思路是需要了解常见的存货成本计算方法有哪些,以及哪些是被允许使用的。

在会计领域,常见的存货成本计算方法有先进先出法(FIFO)、个别计价法(Specific identification method)、后进先出法(LIFO)和加权平均法(Average cost method)。不过,在不同的会计准则下,这些方法的使用规定有所不同。

在国际财务报告准则(IFRS)下,后进先出法(LIFO)是不被允许使用的,而先进先出法(FIFO)、个别计价法(Specific identification method)和加权平均法(Average cost method)是被允许的。本题没有明确说明适用的会计准则,但通常默认是符合国际通用规则的情况。

下面对每个选项进行分析:

  • 选项A:FIFO(先进先出法)
    先进先出法是指以先购入的存货应先发出(销售或耗用)这样一种存货实物流动假设为前提,对发出存货进行计价的一种方法。在这种方法下,先购入的存货成本在后购入存货成本之前转出,据此确定发出存货和期末存货的成本。它是一种被广泛认可和允许使用的存货成本计算方法。
  • 选项B:Specific identification method(个别计价法)
    个别计价法亦称个别认定法、具体辨认法、分批实际法,其特征是注重所发出存货具体项目的实物流转与成本流转之间的联系,逐一辨认各批发出存货和期末存货所属的购进批别或生产批别,分别按其购入或生产时所确定的单位成本计算各批发出存货和期末存货的成本。这种方法适用于不能替代使用的存货、为特定项目专门购入或制造的存货以及提供的劳务,也是被允许使用的存货成本计算方法。
  • 选项C:LIFO(后进先出法)
    后进先出法是假定后入库的存货先发出,据此计算发出存货成本的方法。但在国际财务报告准则下,后进先出法不被允许使用,因为它可能导致存货成本的扭曲和利润的虚增,所以该选项不符合要求。
  • 选项D:Average cost method(加权平均法)
    加权平均法,也叫全月一次加权平均法,是指以本月全部进货数量加上月初存货数量作为权数,去除本月全部进货成本加上月初存货成本,计算出存货的加权平均单位成本,以此为基础计算本月发出存货的成本和期末存货的成本的一种方法。它是一种常用且被允许的存货成本计算方法。

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