WARBy Luigi PirandelloThe passengers who had left Rome, Italy by the night express had had to stop until dawn at the small station of Fabriano in order to continue their journey by the small old-fashioned "local" joining the main line with Sulmona.At dawn, in a hot and smoky second-class carriage（车厢）in which five people had already spent the night, a tall and heavy woman in deep mourning, was came in—almost like a shapeless bundle, Behind her—puffing and moaning, followed her husband—a tiny man, thin and weakly, his face death-white, his eyes small and bright and looking shy and uneasy.Having at last taken a seat he politely thanked the passengers who had helped his wife and who had made room for her, then he turned round to the woman trying to pull down the collar of her coat and politely asked:"Are you all right, dear? "The wife, instead of answering, pulled up her collar again to her eyes, so as to hide her face."Nasty world, " muttered the husband with a sad smile.And he felt it his duty to explain to his traveling companions that the poor woman was to be pitied because the war was taking away from her only son, a boy of twenty to whom both had devoted their entire life, even breaking up their home at Sulmona to follow him to Rome where he had to go as a student, then allowing him to volunteer for war with an assurance, however, that at least for six months he would not be sent to the front and now, all of a sudden, receiving a wire saying that he was due to leave in three days' time and asking them to go and see him off.The woman under the big coat was twisting and turning, at times growling like a wild animal, feeling certain that all those explanations would not have aroused even a shadow of sympathy from those people who—most likely—were in the same plight as herself. One of them, who had been listening with particular attention, said:"You should thank God that your son is only leaving now for the front, Mine has been sent there the first day of the war. He has already come back twice wounded and been sent back again to the front.""What about me? I have two sons and three nephews at the front, " said another passenger."Maybe, but in our case, it is our only son, " ventured the husband."What difference can it make? You may spoil your only son with much attention, but you cannot love him more than you would all your other children if you had any. Paternal love is not like bread that can be broken into pieces and split amongst the children in equal shares. A father gives all his love to each one of his children without discrimination（歧视）, whether it be one or ten, and if l am suffering now for my two sons, I am not suffering half for each of them but double…""True … true …" sighed the embarrassed husband, "but suppose (of course we all hope it will never be your case)a father has two sons at the front and he loses one of them, there is still one left to comfort him … while …""Yes, " answered the other, getting cross, "a son left to comfort him but also a son left for whom he must survive, while in the case of the father of an only son if the son dies the father can die too and put an end to his distress. Which of the two positions is the worse? Don't you see how my case would be worse than yours? ""Nonsense, " interrupted another traveler, a fat red-faced man with bloodshot eyes of the palest gray.He was panting From his bulging（鼓起的）eyes seemed to burst inner violence of an uncontrolled energy which his weakened body could hardly contain."Nonsense, " he repeated, trying to cover his mouth with his hand so as to hide the two missing front teeth. "Nonsense. Do we give life to our children for our own benefit? "The other travelers stared at him in sorrow. The one who had had his son at the front since the first day of the war sighed: "You are right. Our children do not belong to us, they belong to the Country …""Bosh, " replied angrily to the fat traveler. "Do we think of the Country when we give life to our children? Our sons are born because they must be born and when they come to life they take our own life with them. This is the truth. We belong to them but they never belong to us. And when they reach twenty they are exactly what we were at their age. We too had a father and mother, but there were so many other things as well … girls, cigarettes, illusions, new ties …and the Country, of course, whose call we would have answered—when we were twenty—even if father and mother had said no. Now, at our age, the love of our Country is still great, of course, but stronger than it is the love for our children. Is there any one of us here who wouldn't gladly take his son's place at the front if he could? "There was a silence all around, everybody nodding as to approve."Why then, " continued the fat man, "shouldn't we consider the feelings of our children when they are twenty? Isn't it natural that at their age they should consider the love for their Country （I am speaking of decent boys, of course）even greater than the love for us? Isn't it natural that it should be so, as after all, they must look upon us as upon old boys who cannot move any more and must stay at home? If Country exists, if Country is a natural necessity like bread, of which each of us must eat in order not to die of hunger, somebody must go to defend it. And our sons go, when they are twenty, and they don't want tears, because if they die, they die inflamed and happy（I am speaking, of course, of good boys）. Now, if one dies young and happy, without having the ugly sides of life, the boredom of it, the pettiness, the bitterness of disillusion（幻灭）… what more can we ask for him? Everyone should stop crying: everyone should laugh, as I do … or at least thank God—as I do—because my son, before dying, sent me a message saying that he was dying satisfied at having ended his life in the best way he could have wished. That is why, as you see, I do not even wear mourning …"He shook his light fawn coat as to show it; his livid lip over his missing teeth was trembling, his eyes were watery and motionless, and soon after, he ended with a shrill laugh which might well have been a sob."Quite so … quite so …" agreed the others.The woman who, bundled in a corner under her coat, had been sitting and listening had—for the last three months—tried to find in the words of her husband and her friends something to console her in her deep sorrow, something that might show her how a mother should resign herself to send her son not even to death but to a probable danger of life. Yet not a word had she found amongst the many which had been said … and her grief had been greater in seeing that nobody—as she thought—could share her feelings.But now the words of the traveler amazed and almost stunned her. She suddenly realized that it wasn't the others who were wrong and could not understand her but herself who could not rise up to the same height of those fathers and mothers willing to resign themselves, without crying, not only to the departure of their sons but even to their death.She lifted her head; she bent over from her corner trying to listen with great attention to the details which the fat man was giving to his companions about the way his son had fallen as a hero, for his King and his Country, happy and without regrets. It seemed to her that she had stumbled into a world she had never dreamt of, a world so far unknown to her and she was so pleased to hear everyone joining in congratulating that brave father who could so stoically speak of his child's death.Then suddenly, just as if she had heard nothing of what had been said and almost as if waking up from a dream, she turned to the old man, asking him:"Then … is your son really dead? "Everybody stared at her. The old man, too, turned to look at her fixing his great, bulging, horribly watery light gray eyes, deep in her face, For some little time he tried to answer, but words failed him. He looked and looked at her, almost as if only then—at that silly, incongruous（不协调的）question—he had suddenly realized at last that his son was really dead … gone forever … forever. His face contracted, became horribly distorted, then he snatched in haste a handkerchief from his pocket and, to the amazement of everyone, broke into heart-breaking, uncontrollable sobs.(1)How did the woman feel about their son leaving home? (2)What is the "fat red-faced man" like? Support your idea with evidence.(3)If you were in the carriage with these parents, who would you choose to comfort? How would you do it? (4)What can you learn from this story? Support your idea with evidence.