题目
UrbanizationUntil relatively recently，the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city．The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500years ago．（71） ．In fact，nearly everyone lived on farms or intiny rural （乡村的） villages．It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society inhistory-a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living．Britain was only the beginning．（72） ．The process of urbanization-the migration （迁移） of people from the countryside to the city-was the result of modernization，which has rapidly transformed how people live andwhere they live．In 1990，fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas．Today，over 82% of Americans live in cities．Only about 2% live on farms．（73） ．Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized．Even in advanced agricultural societies．It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities．（74） ．Until modern times，those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite（精英） and the servants，laborers and professionals who served them．Citiessurvived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city．Over the past two centuries，the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country．（75） ．Today，instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers．A．That kept cities very small．B．The rest live in small towns．C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered．D．Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies．E．But even 200years ago，only a few people could live in cities．F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive．G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings．
Urbanization
Until relatively recently，the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city．The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500years ago．（71） ．In fact，nearly everyone lived on farms or in
tiny rural （乡村的） villages．It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in
history-a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living．
Britain was only the beginning．（72） ．The process of urbanization-the migration （迁移） of people from the countryside to the city-was the result of modernization，which has rapidly transformed how people live and
where they live．
In 1990，fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas．Today，over 82% of Americans live in cities．Only about 2% live on farms．（73） ．
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized．Even in advanced agricultural societies．It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities．（74） ．Until modern times，those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite（精英） and the servants，laborers and professionals who served them．Cities
survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city．
Over the past two centuries，the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country．（75） ．Today，instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers．
Until relatively recently，the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city．The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500years ago．（71） ．In fact，nearly everyone lived on farms or in
tiny rural （乡村的） villages．It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in
history-a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living．
Britain was only the beginning．（72） ．The process of urbanization-the migration （迁移） of people from the countryside to the city-was the result of modernization，which has rapidly transformed how people live and
where they live．
In 1990，fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas．Today，over 82% of Americans live in cities．Only about 2% live on farms．（73） ．
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized．Even in advanced agricultural societies．It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities．（74） ．Until modern times，those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite（精英） and the servants，laborers and professionals who served them．Cities
survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city．
Over the past two centuries，the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country．（75） ．Today，instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers．
| A．That kept cities very small． B．The rest live in small towns． C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered． D．Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies． E．But even 200years ago，only a few people could live in cities． F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive． G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings． |
题目解答
答案
【解答】71．E 推理判断题．根据前一句“The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500 years ago”可知，此处讲的是以前城市的情况，即第一座城市仅仅是5500年才出现的，甚至200年前，也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中．其他几个选项没有关于以前城市的描述．故选择E．
72．D 推理判断题．根据前一句的“Britain was only the beginning”可知，英国只是个开始，关键词beginning，因此后面出现的是soon，句意为，英国只是个开始，很快，其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会．
73．B 推理判断题．根据前一句的“Today，over 82% of Americans live in cities．Only about 2% live on farms”目前，超过82%的美国人住在城市，只有2%的人住在农场，剩下大约16%的人住在哪里呢？因此可以推断出，下一句讲述的是the rest即，其余的人住在什么地方．故选B，意为其余的人住在城镇里．
74．A 推理判断题．根据前一句的”It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities”可知，要有95个人在农场里工作，才能养活5个城市里的人，因此城市里居住的人肯定要少，规模肯定很小，因此选择A项，意为这种原因导致了城市规模很小．
75．F 推理判断题．前一句提到：在过去的两百年里，工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡．后一句提到：现在的情况不是需要95个农民养活5个城市人，在美国1个农民就能养活100多个非农民．那中间只能填F项：现代化把更多的人吸引到城市里来，使得农民更加多产．
72．D 推理判断题．根据前一句的“Britain was only the beginning”可知，英国只是个开始，关键词beginning，因此后面出现的是soon，句意为，英国只是个开始，很快，其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会．
73．B 推理判断题．根据前一句的“Today，over 82% of Americans live in cities．Only about 2% live on farms”目前，超过82%的美国人住在城市，只有2%的人住在农场，剩下大约16%的人住在哪里呢？因此可以推断出，下一句讲述的是the rest即，其余的人住在什么地方．故选B，意为其余的人住在城镇里．
74．A 推理判断题．根据前一句的”It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities”可知，要有95个人在农场里工作，才能养活5个城市里的人，因此城市里居住的人肯定要少，规模肯定很小，因此选择A项，意为这种原因导致了城市规模很小．
75．F 推理判断题．前一句提到：在过去的两百年里，工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡．后一句提到：现在的情况不是需要95个农民养活5个城市人，在美国1个农民就能养活100多个非农民．那中间只能填F项：现代化把更多的人吸引到城市里来，使得农民更加多产．
解析
步骤 1：理解文章背景
文章主要讨论了城市化的过程，从人类历史上的第一次城市出现到现代城市化的发展。文章还提到了城市化与农业现代化的关系，以及工业革命对城市化的影响。
步骤 2：分析每个选项
A. That kept cities very small. 这使得城市非常小。
B. The rest live in small towns. 其余的人住在小镇上。
C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. 应该考虑城市生活对人们的影响。
D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies. 很快，许多其他工业国家也变成了城市社会。
E. But even 200 years ago，only a few people could live in cities. 但即使在200年前，也只有少数人能住在城市里。
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. 现代化把人们吸引到城市，并使农民更加高效。
G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 现代城市破坏了社会关系和人类的健康。
步骤 3：选择合适的选项
71. 根据前文，第一座城市出现的时间不长，后文提到几乎所有人都住在农场或小村庄里，因此选择E，表示即使在200年前，也只有少数人能住在城市里。
72. 根据前文，英国只是个开始，后文提到城市化是现代化的结果，因此选择D，表示很快，许多其他工业国家也变成了城市社会。
73. 根据前文，目前，超过82%的美国人住在城市，只有2%的人住在农场，因此选择B，表示其余的人住在小镇上。
74. 根据前文，即使在先进的农业社会，也需要95个人在农场工作，才能养活5个城市里的人，因此选择A，表示这使得城市非常小。
75. 根据前文，工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡，后文提到现在的情况不是需要95个农民养活5个城市人，在美国1个农民就能养活100多个非农民，因此选择F，表示现代化把人们吸引到城市，并使农民更加高效。
文章主要讨论了城市化的过程，从人类历史上的第一次城市出现到现代城市化的发展。文章还提到了城市化与农业现代化的关系，以及工业革命对城市化的影响。
步骤 2：分析每个选项
A. That kept cities very small. 这使得城市非常小。
B. The rest live in small towns. 其余的人住在小镇上。
C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. 应该考虑城市生活对人们的影响。
D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies. 很快，许多其他工业国家也变成了城市社会。
E. But even 200 years ago，only a few people could live in cities. 但即使在200年前，也只有少数人能住在城市里。
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. 现代化把人们吸引到城市，并使农民更加高效。
G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 现代城市破坏了社会关系和人类的健康。
步骤 3：选择合适的选项
71. 根据前文，第一座城市出现的时间不长，后文提到几乎所有人都住在农场或小村庄里，因此选择E，表示即使在200年前，也只有少数人能住在城市里。
72. 根据前文，英国只是个开始，后文提到城市化是现代化的结果，因此选择D，表示很快，许多其他工业国家也变成了城市社会。
73. 根据前文，目前，超过82%的美国人住在城市，只有2%的人住在农场，因此选择B，表示其余的人住在小镇上。
74. 根据前文，即使在先进的农业社会，也需要95个人在农场工作，才能养活5个城市里的人，因此选择A，表示这使得城市非常小。
75. 根据前文，工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡，后文提到现在的情况不是需要95个农民养活5个城市人，在美国1个农民就能养活100多个非农民，因此选择F，表示现代化把人们吸引到城市，并使农民更加高效。