题目

Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The "spider-story" is often told. Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century, was hiding in a cave from the English. He watched a spider spinning a web. The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times to span the gap. On the seventh time he made it and went on to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone on to defeat the English. Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one.So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were you in top form yourself? What can you change so things will go right next time?97. Why does the author introduce Robert Bruce's story in the passage?A to show us that failure isn't all bad.B to show us that failure must come before success.C to show us that nature will help us if we let it.D to show that people who fail have plenty of company.

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The "spider-story" is often told. Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century, was hiding in a cave from the English. He watched a spider spinning a web. The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times to span the gap. On the seventh time he made it and went on to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone on to defeat the English. Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one. So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were you in top form yourself? What can you change so things will go right next time? 97. Why does the author introduce Robert Bruce's story in the passage? A to show us that failure isn't all bad. B to show us that failure must come before success. C to show us that nature will help us if we let it. D to show that people who fail have plenty of company.

题目解答

答案

这是一道阅读理解题，要求判断作者引入罗伯特·布鲁斯（Robert Bruce）故事的目的。我们可以通过以下步骤进行推理分析：

第一步：分析文章主旨
文章开头第一句就点明了中心思想：“In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success.”（从一种角度看，失败是生活的一部分。从另一种角度看，失败可能是通向成功的一种途径。）这表明文章主要探讨的是失败的积极意义，即失败可以成为成功的垫脚石。

第二步：分析罗伯特·布鲁斯的故事内容
文章讲述了罗伯特·布鲁斯在躲避敌人时，看到一只蜘蛛尝试了六次结网都失败了，但在第七次终于成功。布鲁斯从中“took heart”（受到鼓舞），最终去打败了敌人。这个故事生动地展示了从失败中汲取力量并最终获得成功的过程。

第三步：结合选项进行推理

  • A. to show us that failure isn't all bad.（向我们展示失败并不全是坏事。）
    这个选项与文章主旨和布鲁斯的故事非常契合。蜘蛛的六次失败和布鲁斯后来的胜利，都说明了失败中蕴含着积极的因素，它能激励人走向成功。
  • B. to show us that failure must come before success.（向我们展示成功之前必须经历失败。）
    虽然文中举的例子都是先失败后成功，但“must”（必须）这个词过于绝对。文章并没有断言所有成功都必须以失败为前提，只是说失败“may be”（可能是）通向成功的路。
  • C. to show us that nature will help us if we let it.（向我们展示如果我们允许，自然会帮助我们。）
    虽然故事里出现了蜘蛛（自然界的一部分），但作者引用这个故事的重点不是强调自然界的帮助，而是强调从失败中获得的启示和坚持的精神。
  • D. to show that people who fail have plenty of company.（向我们展示失败的人有很多同伴。）
    文章提到布鲁斯和爱迪生都经历过失败，但这并不是为了说明失败的人很多（有同伴），而是为了举例说明失败的价值。

结论：
综合以上分析，作者引入罗伯特·布鲁斯的故事是为了举例说明失败并非完全是坏事，它可以是通向成功的一种途径。

因此，正确答案是 A。

解析

本题考查对阅读理解中作者意图的理解。解题思路是先明确文章主旨，再分析所给故事内容，最后结合选项判断作者引入故事的目的。

  1. 明确文章主旨：文章开篇指出“从一种角度看，失败是生活的一部分。从另一种角度看，失败可能是通向成功的一种途径”，这表明文章重点探讨失败的积极意义。
  2. 分析罗伯特·布鲁斯的故事：故事中罗伯特·布鲁斯看到蜘蛛尝试六次结网失败，第七次成功，他从中受到鼓舞并最终打败敌人。此故事体现了从失败中汲取力量走向成功的过程。
  3. 结合选项分析：
    • A选项：“向我们展示失败并不全是坏事”，与文章主旨和故事内容相符，蜘蛛的失败和布鲁斯的胜利说明失败有积极因素，能激励人成功。
    • B选项：“向我们展示成功之前必须经历失败”，“must”过于绝对，文章只是说失败“可能是”通向成功的路，并非所有成功都必须以失败为前提。
    • C选项：“向我们展示如果我们允许，自然会帮助我们”，故事虽有蜘蛛，但重点是从失败中获得启示和坚持精神，而非自然界的帮助。
    • D选项：“向我们展示失败的人有很多同伴”，文章提及布鲁斯和爱迪生失败是为举例说明失败的价值，而非强调失败的人多。