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If you struggled through high school algebra,you-|||-probably thought you simply weren`t born good at-|||-math. You might have been right,at least according to-|||-a new study by Johns Hopkins University psychologists-|||-that suggests that math ability is linked to your inborn-|||-number sense".Also known as"approximate number-|||-system",number sense is inherent in all animals-|||-including humans.It`s what we use to instantly estimate-|||-how many people are in a meeting or how many free-|||-seats are in a movie theater.Animals use it to figure-|||-out where the most plants or games are and to track-|||-how much food they`ve gathered.-|||-Now scientists have measured number sense in-|||-preschoolers-who are too young to have received any-|||-formal math education-and linked it to performance of-|||-tests of math ability."The relationship between-|||-number sense`and math ability is important and-|||-intriguing(迷人的)because we believe that`number-|||-sense`is universal,whereas math ability has been-|||-thought to be highly dependent on culture and language-|||-and takes many years to learn."said study author-|||-Melissa Libertus in a statement.-|||-Past research has associated number sense with-|||-math ability in older children,but Melissa Libertus and-|||-her team`s study involved 200 younger children with an-|||-average age of 4.The children were given number-|||-sense test that involved viewing groups of blue and-|||-yellow dots on a computer screen and estimating which-|||-color group had more dots. Each child then took math-|||-ability tests consisting of numbering skills,numeral-|||-literacy,calculation skil and other abilities.-|||-Kids who did better at estimating the dots in the-|||-first test also did better at the math tests,the researchers-|||-found,suggesting that at least some math ability may-|||-be linked to one`s inborn number sense. The study-|||-authors also gave the kids tests of general intelligence to-|||-rule out the possibility that those who did better on the-|||-math tests were simply those who performed well on all-|||-tests.-|||-1.According to the passage, number sense is mainly-|||-__ .-|||-A.developed in primary school-|||-B.inherited from parents-|||-C.evolved in nature-|||-D.developed in high school-|||-2.Scientists usually consider math ability __ --|||-A.takes a short time to learn-|||-B.lowly depends on culture-|||-C.lowly depends on language-|||-D.mainly relies on language and culture-|||-3.How many kinds of skills did Melissa Libertus test-|||-the children?-|||-A.Only one skill. B.Two skills.-|||-C.Three skills. D.At least four skills.-|||-4.The underlined phrase"rule out"in the fourth-|||-paragraph refers to" __ "-|||-A.get rid of B.consist of-|||-C.connect with D.spread out-|||-5.What`s the main idea of the passage?-|||-A.Help kids achieve greater heights in math-|||-B.Kids`number sense mainly relies on teaching-|||-C.People may be born good (or bad)at math.-|||-D.Math ability has nothing to do with number-|||-sense.

题目解答

答案

解析

步骤 1:理解数觉的定义和来源
数觉,也称为近似数系统,是所有动物包括人类与生俱来的能力。它使我们能够瞬间估算出会议中的人数或电影院中空座位的数量。动物们用它来确定哪里有最多的植物或游戏,以及追踪它们收集了多少食物。

步骤 2:理解数学能力与数觉的关系
过去的研究已经将数觉与较大儿童的数学能力联系起来。然而,Melissa Libertus和她的团队的研究涉及200名平均年龄为4岁的幼儿。这些孩子接受了数觉测试,该测试涉及在电脑屏幕上观看蓝色和黄色的点群,并估计哪个颜色的点群更多。每个孩子随后进行了数学能力测试,包括计数技能、数字识字、计算技能和其他能力。研究发现,那些在第一个测试中表现更好的孩子在数学测试中也表现更好,这表明至少一些数学能力可能与一个人天生的数觉有关。

步骤 3:理解研究的进一步验证
研究作者还让孩子们进行了普通智力测试,以排除那些在数学测试中表现更好的孩子只是在所有测试中都表现得更好的可能性。

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