题目
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:-|||-The good news we get from TV and radio makes us feel more kindly toward other people,but bad-|||-news - especially news of cruelty and violence -stirs up suspicion and a sense of competition-|||-toward others.-|||-These are the findings of 10 years of experiments by research psychologists (心理学家) at Co--|||-lumbia University,who conclude that broadcaster encourage hostile(敌对的)behavior by stressing-|||-bad news.-|||-"We found that the news people are exposed to either encourages them to concentrate on the-|||-differees betweenthemselv and others,or on the common problems that make them feel, "We`re-|||-all in this together," explained Dr.Harvey Hornstein.-|||-"News about one human being helping another...brings out feelings of trust and cooperation.But-|||-news about one person actually doing harm to another changes our estimate of other people for the-|||-worse."-|||-In an early experiment in 1968,Dr.Hornstein and his associates, who had been dropping wallets-|||-(钱包)for two years to test the honesty of people,discovered that on June 4,1968,not one wallet was-|||-returned.-|||-"That was the night Robert F.Kennedy was shot,"he recalled."Strangers suddenly seemed-|||-dangerous, and nobody wanted to return a lost wallet to a stranger.-|||-"But good news on the other hand, lifts us up," he stressed,citing the date ofJuly 4,1976,America`s-|||-Bicentennial(两百年的) celebration."On that day,we all felt safe and good.Being American was the-|||-thing.We all felt as if we all belonged together."-|||-Recent tests support these conclusions.In one experiment, 60 subjects were exposed to good-|||-news,bad news or music.Then they were told to play a game with a non existent person supposedl in-|||-another room.It was a game of choice that emphasized cooperation or competition.-|||-After hearing good news,the overw helming majority, 91 percent, played cooperati But after-|||-hearing bad news,competitive responses wer over three times as high -up to 28 percent, from 9-|||-percent.-|||-If we watch television and see a lot of blood,"said Dr. Homstein,"we`re probably assuming that-|||-the world is a dirtier place than we assumed before we saw that TV violence.And we`ll deal with the-|||-next individual we come upon as if he is part of that grim (冷酷的)picture of humanity.After the good-|||-news,it`s the reverse."-|||-36.According to the findings of researchers at Columbia University,when people hear good news,-|||-they feel __-|||-A) happier-|||-B)more kindly toward others-|||-C) safer than they really are-|||-D) more competitive-|||-37.Dr.Harvey Hornstein found that when people hear news about one person actually doing harm to-|||-another,they tend to __ .-|||-A) regard other people as worse than they really are-|||-B)treat total strangers as suspects of cruel crimes-|||-C) become hostile towards neighbors and friends-|||-D) think about the common problems facing mankind-|||-38.What did Dr.Harvey Hornstein and his associates discover on the night of June 4,1968?-|||-A) Robert F.Kennedy was shot.-|||-B) Their wallets were lost.-|||-C)Pcople in America suddenly became dishonest.-|||-D) Nobody returned the wallets they dropped.-|||-39.We can infer from the passage that on July 4,1976,most probably __-|||-A) people drank and sang and danced-|||-B) lost wallets were returned to their owners-|||-C) everybody wanted to be American-|||-D) even criminals were friendly to others-|||-40.We can conclude from the passage that __-|||-A) violence on TV leads to more violence on the streets-|||-B) broadcasters should emphasize good news rather than bad news-|||-C) the world is a dirtier place than we assume it to be
题目解答
答案
解析
步骤 1：理解问题背景
文章讨论了哥伦比亚大学的研究人员发现，媒体通过强调坏消息来鼓励敌对行为。文章还提到，好消息和坏消息对人们的行为和态度有不同的影响。
步骤 2：分析每个问题
36. 根据哥伦比亚大学的研究人员的发现，当人们听到好消息时，他们感觉如何？
文章中提到，好消息会提升人们的情绪，使他们感到信任和合作。因此，当人们听到好消息时，他们会对他人更加友善。
37. Dr. Harvey Hornstein 发现，当人们听到一个人对另一个人造成伤害的消息时，他们倾向于如何？
文章中提到，坏消息会改变人们对其他人的估计，使他们认为其他人更糟糕。因此，当人们听到一个人对另一个人造成伤害的消息时，他们倾向于认为其他人比实际情况更糟糕。
38. Dr. Harvey Hornstein 和他的同事在 1968 年 6 月 4 日晚上发现了什么？
文章中提到，他们在 1968 年 6 月 4 日晚上没有一个人归还钱包。因此，Dr. Harvey Hornstein 和他的同事在 1968 年 6 月 4 日晚上发现没有人归还他们丢掉的钱包。
39. 我们可以从文章中推断出，在 1976 年 7 月 4 日，最有可能发生什么？
文章中提到，1976 年 7 月 4 日，人们感到安全和良好，认为自己是美国人。因此，我们可以推断出，在 1976 年 7 月 4 日，丢失的钱包可能会被归还给他们的主人。
40. 我们可以从文章中得出什么结论？
文章中提到，媒体通过强调坏消息来鼓励敌对行为。因此，我们可以得出结论，广播公司应该强调好消息而不是坏消息。
文章讨论了哥伦比亚大学的研究人员发现，媒体通过强调坏消息来鼓励敌对行为。文章还提到，好消息和坏消息对人们的行为和态度有不同的影响。
步骤 2：分析每个问题
36. 根据哥伦比亚大学的研究人员的发现，当人们听到好消息时，他们感觉如何？
文章中提到，好消息会提升人们的情绪，使他们感到信任和合作。因此，当人们听到好消息时，他们会对他人更加友善。
37. Dr. Harvey Hornstein 发现，当人们听到一个人对另一个人造成伤害的消息时，他们倾向于如何？
文章中提到，坏消息会改变人们对其他人的估计，使他们认为其他人更糟糕。因此，当人们听到一个人对另一个人造成伤害的消息时，他们倾向于认为其他人比实际情况更糟糕。
38. Dr. Harvey Hornstein 和他的同事在 1968 年 6 月 4 日晚上发现了什么？
文章中提到，他们在 1968 年 6 月 4 日晚上没有一个人归还钱包。因此，Dr. Harvey Hornstein 和他的同事在 1968 年 6 月 4 日晚上发现没有人归还他们丢掉的钱包。
39. 我们可以从文章中推断出，在 1976 年 7 月 4 日，最有可能发生什么？
文章中提到，1976 年 7 月 4 日，人们感到安全和良好，认为自己是美国人。因此，我们可以推断出，在 1976 年 7 月 4 日，丢失的钱包可能会被归还给他们的主人。
40. 我们可以从文章中得出什么结论？
文章中提到，媒体通过强调坏消息来鼓励敌对行为。因此，我们可以得出结论，广播公司应该强调好消息而不是坏消息。