Governments worldwide act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of the country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their research centers; they may alter the structure of education or interfere to reduce the wastage of natural resources or develop resources hitherto (到目前为止) unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere feel new wants. They are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are (单选题 2分) What can governments do to promote production? ( )A. Interfere in different sectors that can promote science and technology to ensure smooth operation.B. Ask scientists and technologists to improve efficiency.C. Change the structure of education to train more scientists.D. Utilize natural resources to the best of their advantage.

我们来一步一步分析这道题：

一、题目理解：

题目问的是：“为了促进生产，政府可以做什么？”

这是一道单选题，选项是四个可能的答案。

二、原文分析：

我们从原文中找出与“政府如何促进生产”有关的信息：

1. 第一段提到：
   > "Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts."

   → 说明政府需要采取集中控制措施，并借助专家（如经济学家、运筹学家）来管理经济。

2. 接着说：
   > "it is obvious that the strength of the country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds."

   → 经济实力与农业、工业效率密切相关，而这些又依赖于科学家和技术人员的努力。

3. 再往下看：
   > "governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage."

   → 政府越来越多地干预这些领域（农业、工业等），以提高生产并确保资源被最有效地利用。

4. 举了几个例子：

   • 鼓励研究，包括设立研究中心；
   • 改变教育结构；
   • 减少自然资源浪费；
   • 开发未被利用的资源；
   • 参与国际合作项目。

三、选项分析：

我们逐个看选项，看哪个最符合原文意思：

A. Interfere in different sectors that can promote science and technology to ensure smooth operation.

→ 干预不同可以促进科技发展的领域，以确保顺利运行。

✅ 这与原文中提到的“政府越来越多地干预这些领域（农业、工业）以提高生产”、“鼓励研究”、“设立研究中心”等内容相符。

B. Ask scientists and technologists to improve efficiency.

→ 要求科学家和技术人员提高效率。

❌ 原文确实提到效率依赖于科学家和技术人员，但没有说政府“要求”他们提高效率，而是政府提供支持（如研究中心、教育结构等）。

C. Change the structure of education to train more scientists.

→ 改变教育结构，培养更多科学家。

✅ 这是原文提到的一个具体措施：“they may alter the structure of education”。

但问题是，这只是一个具体措施，而题干问的是“政府可以做什么”来促进生产，A选项更全面、概括性强，涵盖了教育、科研、资源等多个方面。

D. Utilize natural resources to the best of their advantage.

→ 尽可能利用自然资源。

✅ 这也是原文提到的一个措施：“interfere to reduce the wastage of natural resources”。

但同样，这只是一个具体措施，不是全面概括。

四、结论：

虽然B、C、D都是原文提到的具体做法，但A选项最全面、最符合题干要求，因为它概括了政府干预多个领域的行为，以促进科技发展和生产提升。

✅ 正确答案是：

$\boxed{A}$