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6.单选 (2分) What are the two things seen as the basis and predecessor of printing?A. Stone rubbing and gravestone rubbing.B. Stone steles and stone rubbing.C. Gravestone rubbing and steles.D. Engraved name seals and stone rubbing.7.单选 (2分). Who had named the old trade route as "the Silk Road"?A. Marco Polo.B. A German geographer.C. Columbus.D. Zhang Qian.8.单选 (2分) Compared with Columbus' ship, what was Zheng He's ship like?A. Much larger.B. Much smaller.C. The same size.D. None of the above.

6.单选 (2分) What are the two things seen as the basis and predecessor of printing? A. Stone rubbing and gravestone rubbing. B. Stone steles and stone rubbing. C. Gravestone rubbing and steles. D. Engraved name seals and stone rubbing. 7.单选 (2分). Who had named the old trade route as "the Silk Road"? A. Marco Polo. B. A German geographer. C. Columbus. D. Zhang Qian. 8.单选 (2分) Compared with Columbus' ship, what was Zheng He's ship like? A. Much larger. B. Much smaller. C. The same size. D. None of the above.

题目解答

答案

我们来逐题分析并解答这三道单选题,解题过程用中文表达。

第6题:What are the two things seen as the basis and predecessor of printing?
(哪两样东西被视为印刷术的基础和前身?)

选项:
A. 石碑拓印和墓碑拓印。
B. 石碑和石碑拓印。
C. 墓碑拓印和石碑。
D. 雕刻印章和石碑拓印。

解题过程:
印刷术的起源可以追溯到中国古代的技术发展。在活字印刷和雕版印刷出现之前,有两种关键技术为其奠定了基础:

  1. 雕刻印章(Engraved name seals):早在先秦时期,中国人就使用印章在泥土或封泥上盖章,传递文字信息。这种“复制文字”的理念是印刷术的雏形。

  2. 石碑拓印(Stone rubbing):东汉以后,人们将纸铺在刻有文字的石碑上,用墨拓印下碑文,这种技术可以大量复制文字内容,是雕版印刷的重要前身。

因此,雕刻印章 和 石碑拓印 被广泛认为是印刷术的两大前身。

选项D:“雕刻印章和石碑拓印”正是正确答案。

其他选项中,A和C提到“墓碑拓印”,其实属于“石碑拓印”的一种,不够准确;B虽然提到了“石碑”和“拓印”,但“石碑”本身不是技术,而“雕刻印章”才是更关键的早期复制技术。

答案:D. Engraved name seals and stone rubbing。

第7题:Who had named the old trade route as "the Silk Road"?
(是谁将这条古老的贸易路线命名为“丝绸之路”?)

选项:
A. 马可·波罗
B. 一位德国地理学家
C. 哥伦布
D. 张骞

解题过程:
“丝绸之路”这一名称并不是古代就有的,而是近代学者提出的。

  • 张骞:西汉时期出使西域的使者,开辟了中原通往西域的通道,被称为“丝绸之路的开拓者”,但他并没有命名这条路。

  • 马可·波罗:意大利旅行家,元朝时来到中国,写下了《马可·波罗游记》,促进了东西方交流,但他也没有使用“丝绸之路”这个词。

  • 哥伦布:他是15世纪末的航海家,试图寻找通往亚洲的新航路,结果发现了美洲,与丝绸之路的命名无关。

  • 德国地理学家:指的是 费迪南·冯·李希霍芬(Ferdinand von Richthofen),他在19世纪(1877年)首次提出“Seidenstraße”(德语“丝绸之路”)这一术语,用来描述从中国到中亚、欧洲的古代贸易路线。

因此,是一位德国地理学家首次正式命名了“丝绸之路”。

答案:B. A German geographer。

第8题:Compared with Columbus' ship, what was Zheng He's ship like?
(与哥伦布的船相比,郑和的船是怎样的?)

选项:
A. 大得多
B. 小得多
C. 一样大
D. 以上都不对

解题过程:
我们来比较一下两位航海家的船只规模:

  • 郑和:明朝初年(15世纪初)的航海家,率领庞大的船队七下西洋。据《明史》记载,郑和的“宝船”最大者长达44丈(约137米),宽18丈(约56米),有九桅十二帆,是当时世界上最大的木制帆船。

  • 哥伦布:15世纪末(1492年)航行到美洲,他的旗舰“圣玛丽亚号”长约24米,属于小型帆船,远小于郑和的宝船。

虽然部分现代学者对郑和宝船的具体尺寸有争议,但普遍共识是:郑和的主力船只远远大于哥伦布的船只。

因此,郑和的船比哥伦布的船大得多。

答案:A. Much larger。

最终答案:

  1. D
  2. B
  3. A

\boxed{D} \quad \boxed{B} \quad \boxed{A}

解析

第6题:考查印刷术的起源,需明确雕刻印章和石碑拓印作为印刷术前身的关键作用。
第7题:需区分“丝绸之路”命名者与开辟者的不同历史人物,德国地理学家是关键。
第8题:通过历史记载对比郑和与哥伦布船只的规模,郑和的船更大是核心结论。

第6题

关键点:印刷术的两大前身是雕刻印章和石碑拓印。

  • 雕刻印章(Engraved name seals):先秦时期用于封泥的文字复制技术,奠定印刷理念。
  • 石碑拓印(Stone rubbing):东汉后通过纸墨复制石碑文字,为雕版印刷铺垫。
    错误选项:A、C中的“gravestone rubbing”(墓碑拓印)范围过窄,B未提及雕刻印章。

第7题

关键点:“丝绸之路”由德国地理学家费迪南·冯·李希霍芬命名。

  • 张骞:开辟丝绸之路,但未命名。
  • 马可·波罗:促进东西方交流,但未使用该名称。
  • 哥伦布:与新航路开辟无关。

第8题

关键点:郑和宝船远大于哥伦布的船。

  • 郑和宝船:最大长约137米,宽约56米(《明史》记载)。
  • 哥伦布旗舰:“圣玛丽亚号”长约24米。
    争议:现代学者对宝船尺寸有不同估算,但普遍认可郑和船只更大。

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