题目

Governments worldwide act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of the country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors to step up production and ensure that it is utilized (利用) to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their research centers; they may alter the structure of education or interfere to reduce the wastage of natural resources or develop resources hitherto (到目前为止) unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere feel new wants. They are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are taking steps to meet these new needs.What is believed to directly affect the welfare of people according to the passage?()A Economists and operational research experts.B The help of specialized scientists.C The economic strength and wealth of the community.D Varying measures of centralized control.

Governments worldwide act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of the country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors to step up production and ensure that it is utilized (利用) to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their research centers; they may alter the structure of education or interfere to reduce the wastage of natural resources or develop resources hitherto (到目前为止) unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere feel new wants. They are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are taking steps to meet these new needs. What is believed to directly affect the welfare of people according to the passage?() A Economists and operational research experts. B The help of specialized scientists. C The economic strength and wealth of the community. D Varying measures of centralized control.

题目解答

答案

我们来逐段分析题干和文章内容，以确定正确答案。

题目问的是：

What is believed to directly affect the welfare of people according to the passage?
（根据文章，人们认为什么会直接影响人民的福祉？）

文章第一段开头：

> Governments worldwide act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.

这句话明确指出：

  • 政府普遍认为，人民的福祉主要取决于社区的经济实力和财富。

也就是说，经济实力和财富（the economic strength and wealth of the community）被认为是直接影响人民福祉的因素。

接下来的内容：

  • 为了实现这一点，政府需要采取一些集中控制措施，需要经济学家和运筹学专家的帮助。
  • 国家经济实力又与农业和工业的效率密切相关，而这些又依赖于科学家和技术人员的努力。
  • 因此，政府越来越多地干预这些领域，以提高生产效率和资源利用率。

这些内容是对“经济实力和财富影响人民福祉”的进一步解释和说明，但它们本身并不是“直接影响人民福祉”的因素，而是实现经济实力和财富增长的手段。

正确答案：

C. The economic strength and wealth of the community.

其他选项分析：

  • A. Economists and operational research experts
    → 他们是帮助政府实现经济目标的工具，不是直接影响人民福祉的因素。

  • B. The help of specialized scientists
    → 同样是手段，不是直接影响因素。

  • D. Varying measures of centralized control
    → 也是政府为了经济发展采取的措施，不是直接影响因素。

✅ 最终答案：

$\boxed{C}$

解析

考查要点：本题主要考查学生对文章主旨的把握能力，需要从原文中准确提取关键信息，判断直接影响人民福祉的核心因素。

解题核心思路：

  1. 定位关键句：文章首句明确指出“人民的福祉主要取决于社区的经济实力和财富”，这是解题的核心依据。
  2. 区分直接与间接因素：选项中的其他内容（如科学家的帮助、集中控制措施）均属于实现经济目标的手段，而非直接影响福祉的直接原因。
  3. 排除干扰项：需注意题目中的“directly”一词，排除通过中间环节产生影响的选项。

关键步骤解析：

  1. 锁定首段主旨句：
    原文第一句明确指出：“Governments worldwide act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.”（政府普遍认为，人民的福祉主要取决于社区的经济实力和财富。）
    结论：经济实力和财富是直接影响人民福祉的直接因素。

  2. 分析其他选项的间接性：

    • 选项A、B、D：文章后续内容提到政府通过集中控制、科学家的帮助、干预经济等手段来提升经济实力，但这些手段本身是实现经济目标的途径，而非直接作用于福祉。
    • 例如：政府设立研究中心（选项A）或调整教育结构（选项D）的目的是增强经济实力，而经济实力才是福祉的直接来源。

  3. 排除干扰项：

    • 选项C是原文首句的核心结论，直接对应“直接影响福祉”的核心因素。
    • 其余选项均为间接手段，无法满足题目中“directly”的要求。