题目

A-|||-(2018·浙江)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.-|||-His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he`s an-|||-environmental scientist w studies how to reduce litter, including-|||-things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.-|||-What is even more interesting is that one of Stein`s jobs is-|||-defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.-|||-Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags-|||-every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways-|||-that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收-|||-银台).The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California,-|||-including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag-|||-makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their-|||-products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.-|||-25.What does the word "headwinds" in paragraph 2 refer to?-|||-A.Bans on plastic bags.-|||-B.Effects of city development.-|||-C.Headaches caused by garbage.-|||-D.Plastic bags hung in trees.

题目解答

答案

解析

考查要点：本题考查词义猜测能力，需要结合上下文理解“headwinds”在文中的具体含义。
解题核心：通过代词指代和语境逻辑推断词义。关键点在于明确“these”指代的内容，以及塑料袋制造商为何需要“defending”这一行业。
破题关键：注意第二段中“prohibited”“headwinds”“defending”等词的关联，理解“headwinds”指代的是塑料袋行业面临的政策阻力。

步骤1：定位上下文
第二段提到“the bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California”，即塑料袋在多个城市被禁止使用。随后提到“Eyeing these headwinds”，这里的“these”指代上文的禁令。

步骤2：分析逻辑关系
塑料袋制造商雇佣科学家“defending”塑料袋，是因为他们面临“headwinds”（阻力）。结合前文禁令的语境，可知“headwinds”指塑料袋被禁止使用的政策。

步骤3：排除干扰项

  • B、C、D均未涉及政策层面的阻力，与“defending”这一动作的逻辑无关。
  • A（ Bans on plastic bags）直接对应上文的“prohibited”，符合语境。