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Which of the following characteristics are important criteria to identify whether a factor constitutes the core competence of the enterprise ().A uniqueB systematismC inimitabilityD value

Which of the following characteristics are important criteria to identify whether a factor constitutes the core competence of the enterprise (). A unique B systematism C inimitability D value

题目解答

答案

我们来逐步分析这道题目。 题目是: “以下哪些特征是判断一个因素是否构成企业核心竞争力的重要标准( )。” 选项为: A. 独特性(unique) B. 系统性(systematism) C. 不可模仿性(inimitability) D. 价值性(value) --- **第一步:理解“核心竞争力”(Core Competence)的概念** 核心竞争力是指企业所拥有的、能够为其带来持续竞争优势的独特能力或资源。这个概念最早由普拉哈拉德(C.K. Prahalad)和哈默尔(Gary Hamel)在1990年提出。他们认为,核心竞争力是企业长期发展和构建竞争优势的基础。 根据经典理论,判断一个能力是否构成“核心竞争力”,通常需要满足以下几个标准: 1. **有价值(Value)**:该能力能够帮助企业抓住市场机会或抵御外部威胁,能够为客户创造价值。 2. **稀缺性 / 独特性(Rare / Unique)**:不是所有企业都具备这种能力。 3. **不可模仿性(Inimitable)**:其他企业难以复制或模仿,通常由于历史条件独特、因果模糊或社会复杂性等原因。 4. **不可替代性(Non-substitutable)**:没有其他类似的能力可以替代它。 这四个标准也与“VRIN模型”相对应: - V:Valuable(有价值) - R:Rare(稀缺) - I:Inimitable(不可模仿) - N:Non-substitutable(不可替代) --- **第二步:分析每个选项** A. **独特性(Unique)** → 对应“稀缺性”(Rare),即不是所有企业都拥有。这是核心竞争力的重要特征之一。 ✅ 正确 B. **系统性(Systematism)** → 意思是“系统化的结构或组织”。虽然核心竞争力往往是多种资源和能力整合的结果,具有系统性特征,但“系统性”本身并不是判断是否为核心竞争力的**标准**,而可能是其表现形式。 ❌ 不属于经典标准,不是关键判断准则。 C. **不可模仿性(Inimitability)** → 这是VRIN模型中的“I”,是核心竞争力的关键特征之一。如果竞争对手能轻易模仿,就无法形成持续竞争优势。 ✅ 正确 D. **价值性(Value)** → 这是VRIN模型中的“V”,即该能力必须对客户有价值,能帮助企业实现战略目标。 ✅ 正确 --- **第三步:确定正确答案** 根据VRIN模型,A(独特)、C(不可模仿)、D(价值)都是判断核心竞争力的重要标准。 B(系统性)虽然可能与核心竞争力相关,但不是标准判据。 --- **最终答案:** \boxed{A、C、D}

解析

本题考查企业核心竞争力的判断标准,核心在于理解VRIN模型(Valuable、Rare、Inimitable、Non-substitutable)。关键点在于:

  1. 核心竞争力需满足价值性(Value),即为客户创造价值;
  2. 独特性(Unique)对应模型中的“稀缺性”(Rare),即能力的不可获得性;
  3. 不可模仿性(Inimitability)是核心竞争力的关键特征;
  4. 系统性(Systematism)虽是核心竞争力的表现形式,但并非判断标准。

选项分析

A. 独特性(Unique)

  • 对应“稀缺性”(Rare):核心竞争力需具备独特性,使企业在竞争中占据优势。
  • 结论:正确。

B. 系统性(Systematism)

  • 系统性指能力的整合性,但判断标准需聚焦能力本身是否满足VRIN模型,而非组织形式。
  • 结论:错误。

C. 不可模仿性(Inimitability)

  • 模型中的核心要素:若能力易被模仿,则无法形成持续竞争优势。
  • 结论:正确。

D. 价值性(Value)

  • 基础条件:能力需为客户创造价值,帮助企业实现战略目标。
  • 结论:正确。

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