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A 43-year-old woman has a chief complaint of muscle weakness. The distribution of muscle weakness and the presence of hyperactive tendon reflexes is consistent with pyramidal tract disease. Tapping the patella tendon elicits a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Which of the following occurs during the contraction of the quadriceps muscle? A. The α-motoneurons innervating the extrafusal muscle fibers decrease their rate of firingB. The α-motoneurons to the antagonistic muscles increase their rate of firingC. The γ-motoneurons innervating the intrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firingD. The Ia afferents from the muscle spindle increase their rate of firingE. The Ib afferents from the Golgi tendon organ increase their rate of firing

A 43-year-old woman has a chief complaint of muscle weakness. The distribution of muscle weakness and the presence of hyperactive tendon reflexes is consistent with pyramidal tract disease. Tapping the patella tendon elicits a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Which of the following occurs during the contraction of the quadriceps muscle?

  • A. The α-motoneurons innervating the extrafusal muscle fibers decrease their rate of firing
  • B. The α-motoneurons to the antagonistic muscles increase their rate of firing
  • C. The γ-motoneurons innervating the intrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firing
  • D. The Ia afferents from the muscle spindle increase their rate of firing
  • E. The Ib afferents from the Golgi tendon organ increase their rate of firing

题目解答

答案

### 问题解析 题目描述了一名43岁女性患者,主诉肌肉无力。肌肉无力的分布和腱反射亢进与锥体束疾病一致。当敲击髌腱时,可以诱发股四头肌的反射性收缩。问题要求我们确定在股四头肌收缩过程中发生了什么。 ### 背景知识 1. **锥体束疾病**:锥体束疾病通常会导致上运动神经元损伤,表现为肌肉无力、腱反射亢进和肌张力增高。 2. **股四头肌反射**:当敲击髌腱时,股四头肌的肌梭(肌肉 spindle)被激活,导致股四头肌收缩。这个反射是通过脊髓中的α-运动神经元介导的。 3. **α-运动神经元**:控制肌肉收缩的神经元,直接支配肌肉纤维。 4. **γ-运动神经元**:控制肌梭内的肌纤维,维持肌梭的敏感性。 5. **Ia传入纤维**:从肌梭传入脊髓的纤维,传递肌肉长度信息。 6. **Ib传入纤维**:从高尔基腱器官传入脊髓的纤维,传递肌肉张力信息。 ### 选项分析 A. **α-运动神经元支配的肌外肌纤维减少放电**: - 这与股四头肌收缩相反。在收缩过程中,α-运动神经元应该增加放电频率。 B. **α-运动神经元支配的拮抗肌增加放电**: - 拮抗肌(如股二头肌)在股四头肌收缩时应该放松,而不是增加放电。 C. **γ-运动神经元支配的肌内肌纤维增加放电**: - 在肌肉收缩过程中,γ-运动神经元通常会增加放电,以维持肌梭的敏感性,确保肌肉收缩的协调。 D. **Ia传入纤维从肌梭增加放电**: - 当股四头肌收缩时,肌梭被拉伸,Ia传入纤维会增加放电,传递肌肉长度信息。 E. **Ib传入纤维从高尔基腱器官增加放电**: - 当肌肉收缩时,高尔基腱器官会感受到肌肉张力的增加,Ib传入纤维会增加放电,传递肌肉张力信息。 ### 答案 在股四头肌收缩过程中,Ia传入纤维从肌梭增加放电,传递肌肉长度信息,确保肌肉收缩的协调。 因此,正确答案是 **D. Ia传入纤维从肌梭增加放电**。

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