题目
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter.including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）.The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California.including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds，plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers'arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags.which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However.longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑）these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.（1）What has Steven Stein been hired to do？ ____ A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.（2）What does the word "headwinds"in Paragraph 2 refer to？ ____ A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.（3）What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers？ ____ A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.（4）What is the best title for the text？ ____ A.Plastic，Paper or Neither.B.Industry，Pollution and Environment.C.Recycle or Throw Away.D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control.
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter.including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）.The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California.including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds，plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers'arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags.which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However.longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑）these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
（1）What has Steven Stein been hired to do？ ____
A.Help increase grocery sales.
B.Recycle the waste material.
C.Stop things falling off trucks.
D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.
（2）What does the word "headwinds"in Paragraph 2 refer to？ ____
A.Bans on plastic bags.
B.Effects of city development.
C.Headaches caused by garbage.
D.Plastic bags hung in trees.
（3）What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers？ ____
A.They are quite expensive.
B.Replacing them can be difficult.
C.They are less strong than plastic bags.
D.Producing them requires more energy.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ ____
A.Plastic，Paper or Neither.
B.Industry，Pollution and Environment.
C.Recycle or Throw Away.
D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）.The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California.including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds，plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers'arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags.which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However.longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑）these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
（1）What has Steven Stein been hired to do？ ____
A.Help increase grocery sales.
B.Recycle the waste material.
C.Stop things falling off trucks.
D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.
（2）What does the word "headwinds"in Paragraph 2 refer to？ ____
A.Bans on plastic bags.
B.Effects of city development.
C.Headaches caused by garbage.
D.Plastic bags hung in trees.
（3）What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers？ ____
A.They are quite expensive.
B.Replacing them can be difficult.
C.They are less strong than plastic bags.
D.Producing them requires more energy.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ ____
A.Plastic，Paper or Neither.
B.Industry，Pollution and Environment.
C.Recycle or Throw Away.
D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control.
题目解答
答案
（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一段one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.（斯坦的工作之一是维护塑料购物袋背后的行业。）第二段plastic bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.（塑料袋制造商正在雇佣像斯泰因这样的科学家来证明他们的产品对地球的危害并不像大多数人想象的那样严重。）可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.（建议使用塑料袋。）正确。故选D。
（2）A.词义指代题。根据第二段Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）.The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.（美国人每年使用超过1000亿个薄膜塑料袋。如此多的塑料袋被扔在树枝上或高速公路旁，以至于越来越多的城市不允许它们出现在收款台。这种塑料袋在包括洛杉矶在内的加州约90个城市被禁止使用。）可知，文章介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状。A.Bans on plastic bags.禁止使用塑料袋；B.Plastic bags hung in trees挂在树上的塑料袋；C.Effects of city development城市发展的影响；D.Headaches caused by garbage垃圾引起的头痛。故选A。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据第四段However，longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.（然而，更持久的可重复使用的袋子通常需要更多的能源来制造。）可知，塑料袋生产商认为需要更多的能源才能生产出那样的塑料袋。D.Producing them requires more energy.（生产它们需要更多的能量。）正确。故选D。
（4）A.标题归纳题。根据第一段Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.（史蒂文•斯坦喜欢跟着垃圾车走。当你考虑到他是一个研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家，包括垃圾车在路上行驶时掉下来的东西时，他的奇怪习惯是有道理的。更有趣的是，斯坦因的工作之一是捍卫塑料购物袋背后的一个行业。）可知，文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic，Paper or Neither既能概括全文又能吸引读者，故选A。
（2）A.词义指代题。根据第二段Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）.The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.（美国人每年使用超过1000亿个薄膜塑料袋。如此多的塑料袋被扔在树枝上或高速公路旁，以至于越来越多的城市不允许它们出现在收款台。这种塑料袋在包括洛杉矶在内的加州约90个城市被禁止使用。）可知，文章介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状。A.Bans on plastic bags.禁止使用塑料袋；B.Plastic bags hung in trees挂在树上的塑料袋；C.Effects of city development城市发展的影响；D.Headaches caused by garbage垃圾引起的头痛。故选A。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据第四段However，longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.（然而，更持久的可重复使用的袋子通常需要更多的能源来制造。）可知，塑料袋生产商认为需要更多的能源才能生产出那样的塑料袋。D.Producing them requires more energy.（生产它们需要更多的能量。）正确。故选D。
（4）A.标题归纳题。根据第一段Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.（史蒂文•斯坦喜欢跟着垃圾车走。当你考虑到他是一个研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家，包括垃圾车在路上行驶时掉下来的东西时，他的奇怪习惯是有道理的。更有趣的是，斯坦因的工作之一是捍卫塑料购物袋背后的一个行业。）可知，文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic，Paper or Neither既能概括全文又能吸引读者，故选A。