题目
A 68=year-old man,with chronic cough and sputum production for 17 years,had felt a progressive dyspnea slnce 3 years. His chest X-ray film showed overinflation of lungs and descended diaphragms. The peripheral vasculature of the lungs was diminished. Which dis-ease the patient suffered from most possiblyA. Pulmonary emphysemaB. Chronic pulmonary heart diseaseC. Pulmonary arterial hypertensionD. AsthmaE. Bronchoectasis
A 68=year-old man,with chronic cough and sputum production for 17 years,had felt a progressive dyspnea slnce 3 years. His chest X-ray film showed overinflation of lungs and descended diaphragms. The peripheral vasculature of the lungs was diminished. Which dis-ease the patient suffered from most possibly
A. Pulmonary emphysema
B. Chronic pulmonary heart disease
C. Pulmonary arterial hypertension
D. Asthma
E. Bronchoectasis
题目解答
答案
A. Pulmonary emphysema
解析
本题考查的是根据患者的临床表现和影像学检查结果来判断疾病。解题思路是先分析患者的症状和检查结果特点,再逐一分析每个选项与这些特点的匹配程度。
- 分析患者症状和检查结果:
- 患者为68岁男性,有17年慢性咳嗽、咳痰病史,近3年出现进行性呼吸困难。
- 胸部X线显示肺过度充气、膈肌下降以及肺外周血管减少。
- 分析各选项:
- A. Pulmonary emphysema(肺气肿):
- 肺气肿患者常有长期慢性咳嗽、咳痰病史,随着病情进展可出现进行性呼吸困难。
- 胸部X线典型表现为肺野透亮度增加,即肺过度充气,膈肌低平,肺纹理稀疏,与题目中患者的表现相符。
- B. Chronic pulmonary heart disease(慢性肺源性心脏病):
- 慢性肺源性心脏病心脏病心脏病多是在慢性肺部疾病基础上发展而来,主要表现为右心功能不全的症状和体征,如颈静脉怒张、肝大、下肢水肿等。
- 题目中未提及这些右心功能不全的表现,故该选项不符合。
- C. Pulmonary arterial hypertension(肺动脉高压):
- 肺动脉高压主要表现为呼吸困难、胸痛、晕厥等,胸部X线可能有肺动脉段突出等表现。
- 但本题中患者的主要表现更符合肺气肿的特点,而非单纯的肺动脉高压,所以该选项不正确。
- D. Asthma(哮喘):
- 哮喘多有反复发作的喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽等症状,发作时双肺可闻及散在或弥漫性哮鸣音。
- 一般不会出现肺过度充气和肺外周血管减少等表现,故该选项不符合。
- E. Bronchoectasis(支气管扩张):
- 支气管扩张主要症状为慢性咳嗽、咳大量脓痰和(或)反复咯血。
- 胸部X线可表现为轨道征、卷发样阴影等,与本题患者的表现不同,所以该选项也不正确。
- A. Pulmonary emphysema(肺气肿):