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Why are polar bears today less able to adapt themselves to environmental change?()A Because interbreeding with brown bears has produced a new hybrid species.B Because polar bears are isolated and cannot find new habitats.C Because polar bear DNA is less diverse today.D Because polar bears face more difficulties nowadays.

Why are polar bears today less able to adapt themselves to environmental change?() A Because interbreeding with brown bears has produced a new hybrid species. B Because polar bears are isolated and cannot find new habitats. C Because polar bear DNA is less diverse today. D Because polar bears face more difficulties nowadays.

题目解答

答案

我们来逐项分析这个题目:“Why are polar bears today less able to adapt themselves to environmental change?(为什么今天的北极熊更难适应环境变化?)”

题干关键词:

  • Polar bears(北极熊)
  • Less able to adapt(更难适应)
  • Environmental change(环境变化)

我们要找的是导致北极熊适应能力下降的根本原因。

选项分析:

A. Because interbreeding with brown bears has produced a new hybrid species.

(因为与棕熊杂交产生了一个新的杂交物种。)

  • 虽然北极熊与棕熊杂交的现象确实存在,但这通常发生在北极熊栖息地减少、被迫迁徙时,属于结果或次要现象。
  • 杂交并不直接导致北极熊整体适应能力下降。
  • 所以这个选项不是根本原因。

B. Because polar bears are isolated and cannot find new habitats.

(因为北极熊孤立无援,无法找到新栖息地。)

  • 北极熊主要生活在北极冰原上,随着全球变暖,冰层融化,它们确实面临栖息地减少的问题。
  • 但这更多是环境变化带来的后果,而不是“适应能力下降”的直接原因。
  • 所以这个选项是现象描述,不是根本原因。

C. Because polar bear DNA is less diverse today.

(因为北极熊的DNA多样性今天减少了。)

  • DNA多样性是物种适应环境变化的关键因素之一。
  • 如果一个物种的基因库不够丰富,就难以通过自然选择演化出适应新环境的特征。
  • 近年研究发现,北极熊的种群数量减少,导致遗传多样性下降,这正是它们适应能力下降的根本原因。
  • 所以这个选项是科学上最合理的解释。

D. Because polar bears face more difficulties nowadays.

(因为北极熊如今面临更多困难。)

  • 这个选项太笼统,没有指出具体原因。
  • “更多困难”可以包括很多方面,但没有说明为何适应能力下降。
  • 所以这个选项不够具体,也不是正确答案。

正确答案:

$\boxed{C}$

总结:

北极熊适应能力下降的根本原因是基因多样性减少,这使得它们在面对环境变化时缺乏足够的遗传变异来演化出适应新环境的特征。

解析

考查要点:本题主要考查对生物适应能力与遗传多样性关系的理解,以及结合科学知识分析选项的能力。
解题核心:北极熊适应能力下降的根本原因在于遗传多样性减少,而遗传多样性是物种应对环境变化的关键。
关键辨析:需区分“直接原因”与“现象描述”,例如栖息地丧失、杂交等属于环境变化带来的结果,而非适应能力下降的内在原因。

选项分析:

  1. 选项A(杂交产生新物种):
    北极熊与棕熊杂交的现象确实存在,但这属于环境压力下的偶然结果,而非导致北极熊整体适应能力下降的内在原因。
  2. 选项B(无法找到新栖息地):
    栖息地减少是环境变化的直接后果,但北极熊适应能力下降的根本原因在于基因库的贫瘠,而非“孤立无援”。
  3. 选项C(DNA多样性减少):
    遗传多样性是自然选择的物质基础。北极熊种群数量减少导致基因交流受限,遗传多样性降低,使其难以通过进化适应快速变化的环境。这是科学界广泛认可的结论。
  4. 选项D(面临更多困难):
    该选项过于笼统,未指向具体机制。北极熊的困难(如食物短缺)是适应能力下降的结果,而非原因。

结论:C选项直接指出了北极熊适应能力下降的生物学本质。

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