题目

W hen the world-famous author J.K.Rowling gave a speech ①at a Harvard University-|||-当世界著名作家J.K.罗琳在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲时,-|||-graduation ceremony,some may have been a little surprised by the topic she chose:"The-|||-有些人可能对她选择的主题有些惊讶:-|||-Benefits of Failure"-|||-失败的好处"。-|||-R owling`s first novel was rejected by^212 publishers before it was finally published,-|||-罗琳的第一部小说在最终出版前曾被12家出版商拒绝,-|||-yet paradoxically`,it was this experience that helped her to succeed "Failure taught-|||-但自相矛盾的是,正是这段经历帮助她成功了: 失败让我了解-|||-me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way. 10 1 discovered that I had-|||-自己,这是我通过其他方式无法学到的。我发现我有坚强的意志,-|||-a strong will,and more discipline ③than I had expected."-|||-比我期望的更自律。"-|||-The late Apple CEO Steve Jobs experienced failure early in his career,when he was-|||-已故的苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫.乔布斯在职业生涯早期经历过失败, 当时他被自己-|||-fired from④the company he had co-founded ⑤.He felt despair and rejection ⑥.However,-|||-共同创立的公司解雇。他感到绝望和被拒绝。然而,-|||-, in his view ⑦,"the best thing that could have ever happened to me.The heaviness-|||-在他看来, "这是发生在我身上的最好的事情。-|||-of being successful was replaced by ⑧ the lightness of being a beginner again,less sure-|||-成功的沉重被重新开始的轻松取代, 对每件事-|||-. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life."-|||-都不那么确定。它解放了我,让我进入了人生中最有创造力的时期之一。"W hen the world-famous author J.K.Rowling gave a speech ①at a Harvard University-|||-当世界著名作家J.K.罗琳在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲时,-|||-graduation ceremony,some may have been a little surprised by the topic she chose:"The-|||-有些人可能对她选择的主题有些惊讶:-|||-Benefits of Failure"-|||-失败的好处"。-|||-R owling`s first novel was rejected by^212 publishers before it was finally published,-|||-罗琳的第一部小说在最终出版前曾被12家出版商拒绝,-|||-yet paradoxically`,it was this experience that helped her to succeed "Failure taught-|||-但自相矛盾的是,正是这段经历帮助她成功了: 失败让我了解-|||-me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way. 10 1 discovered that I had-|||-自己,这是我通过其他方式无法学到的。我发现我有坚强的意志,-|||-a strong will,and more discipline ③than I had expected."-|||-比我期望的更自律。"-|||-The late Apple CEO Steve Jobs experienced failure early in his career,when he was-|||-已故的苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫.乔布斯在职业生涯早期经历过失败, 当时他被自己-|||-fired from④the company he had co-founded ⑤.He felt despair and rejection ⑥.However,-|||-共同创立的公司解雇。他感到绝望和被拒绝。然而,-|||-, in his view ⑦,"the best thing that could have ever happened to me.The heaviness-|||-在他看来, "这是发生在我身上的最好的事情。-|||-of being successful was replaced by ⑧ the lightness of being a beginner again,less sure-|||-成功的沉重被重新开始的轻松取代, 对每件事-|||-. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life."-|||-都不那么确定。它解放了我,让我进入了人生中最有创造力的时期之一。"W hen the world-famous author J.K.Rowling gave a speech ①at a Harvard University-|||-当世界著名作家J.K.罗琳在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲时,-|||-graduation ceremony,some may have been a little surprised by the topic she chose:"The-|||-有些人可能对她选择的主题有些惊讶:-|||-Benefits of Failure"-|||-失败的好处"。-|||-R owling`s first novel was rejected by^212 publishers before it was finally published,-|||-罗琳的第一部小说在最终出版前曾被12家出版商拒绝,-|||-yet paradoxically`,it was this experience that helped her to succeed "Failure taught-|||-但自相矛盾的是,正是这段经历帮助她成功了: 失败让我了解-|||-me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way. 10 1 discovered that I had-|||-自己,这是我通过其他方式无法学到的。我发现我有坚强的意志,-|||-a strong will,and more discipline ③than I had expected."-|||-比我期望的更自律。"-|||-The late Apple CEO Steve Jobs experienced failure early in his career,when he was-|||-已故的苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫.乔布斯在职业生涯早期经历过失败, 当时他被自己-|||-fired from④the company he had co-founded ⑤.He felt despair and rejection ⑥.However,-|||-共同创立的公司解雇。他感到绝望和被拒绝。然而,-|||-, in his view ⑦,"the best thing that could have ever happened to me.The heaviness-|||-在他看来, "这是发生在我身上的最好的事情。-|||-of being successful was replaced by ⑧ the lightness of being a beginner again,less sure-|||-成功的沉重被重新开始的轻松取代, 对每件事-|||-. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life."-|||-都不那么确定。它解放了我,让我进入了人生中最有创造力的时期之一。"W hen the world-famous author J.K.Rowling gave a speech ①at a Harvard University-|||-当世界著名作家J.K.罗琳在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲时,-|||-graduation ceremony,some may have been a little surprised by the topic she chose:"The-|||-有些人可能对她选择的主题有些惊讶:-|||-Benefits of Failure"-|||-失败的好处"。-|||-R owling`s first novel was rejected by^212 publishers before it was finally published,-|||-罗琳的第一部小说在最终出版前曾被12家出版商拒绝,-|||-yet paradoxically`,it was this experience that helped her to succeed "Failure taught-|||-但自相矛盾的是,正是这段经历帮助她成功了: 失败让我了解-|||-me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way. 10 1 discovered that I had-|||-自己,这是我通过其他方式无法学到的。我发现我有坚强的意志,-|||-a strong will,and more discipline ③than I had expected."-|||-比我期望的更自律。"-|||-The late Apple CEO Steve Jobs experienced failure early in his career,when he was-|||-已故的苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫.乔布斯在职业生涯早期经历过失败, 当时他被自己-|||-fired from④the company he had co-founded ⑤.He felt despair and rejection ⑥.However,-|||-共同创立的公司解雇。他感到绝望和被拒绝。然而,-|||-, in his view ⑦,"the best thing that could have ever happened to me.The heaviness-|||-在他看来, "这是发生在我身上的最好的事情。-|||-of being successful was replaced by ⑧ the lightness of being a beginner again,less sure-|||-成功的沉重被重新开始的轻松取代, 对每件事-|||-. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life."-|||-都不那么确定。它解放了我,让我进入了人生中最有创造力的时期之一。"

题目解答

答案

解析

本题是关于J.K.罗琳、史蒂夫·乔布斯、比尔·盖茨、王薇薇、李安等人的失败经历及相关问题的理解，主要考察对文本内容的提取、概括和分析能力。

①J.KK琳从失败中学到了什么?

根据文本中罗琳的话“Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way. I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had expected.”可直接提取答案，即失败让她了解到了自己通过其他其他方式无法学到的东西，发现自己有 坚强的意志和比预期更多的自律**。

②文章中的人有什么共同之处?

文本最后一段明确提到“All these individuals share something in common: At tough moments in their lives, they showed grit.”，即他们的共同点是 在生活的艰难时刻展现出了毅力（grit）。

③什么是"毅力"?为什么它很重要?

关于“grit”的定义，文本中“Put simply, it's a passion for something and the determination to work hard and to stick with it.”直接给出解释；其重要性在于“ It's very easy to give up when we hit setbacks, but people who have grit keepkeep going”，即 遇到挫折时容易放弃，但有毅力的人会继续前进。

④如何理解乔布斯的话?

乔布斯说“成功的沉重被重新开始的轻松取代”，结合上下文：他被自己创立的公司解雇后，不再有成功带来的压力压力，能够以“初学者”的心态自由探索，进入最有创造力的时期。可理解为 成功时的压力被卸下，重新开始的轻松让他能自由追求内心所想。

⑤是否同意"失败是成功之母"?

同意。失败能让人 反思不足、积累经验（如盖茨的失败为微软成功奠定基础），避免重复错误，锻炼适应力和决心（如李安六年无收入仍坚持），最终通向成功。