Passage OneWhen Joy's mother was six months pregnant with her, the doctor said, "I'm sure you have a little lady in there." Joy's parents told all their relatives and friends that their baby was a girl. Gifts, including dresses and dolls, soon began arriving.A few years later, Joy's brother, Tommy, was born. He received books and a football as gifts. Joy liked helping her mother take care of the new baby. She also really enjoyed playing with other girls at school.This year, Tommy also entered school, where he and Joy play very different games. Joy loves jumping rope with her two best friends, while Tommy likes to play ball with a large group of boys.Both Joy and Tommy are growing up in America, and are learning what it means to be a girl and a boy in their culture. Their sex at birth, female and male, is becoming their gender—a way of thinking, speaking, and acting that is considered to be either feminine or masculine. Gender differences are even reflected, very early in life, in the way that girls and boys use language.For example, in America, boys and girls usually play in same-sex groups. Boys might play in large groups in which every boy knows his place. Some are leaders; others are followers. Boys compete with one another for leadership and like to get attention by talking about how well they can do things.Girls, on the other hand, usually play in smaller groups, and often with only one or two "best friends". Most females want other girls to like them, and thus are interested in playing fairly and taking turns.Experts have found that these differences are reflected in the ways that children use language while they play. Boys, like Tommy, often use commands when they talk to each other, saying things like "You go first. Don't wait for me." However, when Joy wants to influence her friends, she may say, "Let's try it this way. Let's do this," suggesting instead of using a command.As Joy and Tommy grow up, they will continue to speak differently. In junior high school, Joy's position will depend on her circle of friends. If her friends are popular, then Joy may be too. Thus, when Joy has some information to share about a popular person at school, this proves that she has a friendship with this girl. In this way, Joy emphasizes her position within the school. Tommy, on the other hand, becomes popular through his own ability to play sports or to earn high grades.According to American culture, Joy may continue, as an adult, to be interested in talking about other people and their lives, while Tommy may be more concerned with discussions of sports and news. Their topic tastes, therefore, may be quite different.At each of life's stages, then, it is clear that culture certainly affects how both genders communicate with one another.31. When Tommy was born, the gifts he got showed that people expected him to be______.A. quietB. forcefulC. cheerfulD. weak32. What kind of game does Joy love? She loves to______.A. jump ropeB. play basketballC. play footballD. play table tennis33. What does "every boy knows his place" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Every boy knows his ability.B. Every boy knows his position.C. Every boy knows his authority.D. Every boy knows his advantage.34. We can find out from Paragraph 6 that girls like to play______.A. in a large groupB. in a small groupC. with strangersD. with boys35. Tommy becomes popular through______.A. his friends' helpB. his parents' helpC. his own abilityD. his sister's help
Passage One
When Joy's mother was six months pregnant with her, the doctor said, "I'm sure you have a little lady in there." Joy's parents told all their relatives and friends that their baby was a girl. Gifts, including dresses and dolls, soon began arriving.
A few years later, Joy's brother, Tommy, was born. He received books and a football as gifts. Joy liked helping her mother take care of the new baby. She also really enjoyed playing with other girls at school.
This year, Tommy also entered school, where he and Joy play very different games. Joy loves jumping rope with her two best friends, while Tommy likes to play ball with a large group of boys.
Both Joy and Tommy are growing up in America, and are learning what it means to be a girl and a boy in their culture. Their sex at birth, female and male, is becoming their gender—a way of thinking, speaking, and acting that is considered to be either feminine or masculine. Gender differences are even reflected, very early in life, in the way that girls and boys use language.
For example, in America, boys and girls usually play in same-sex groups. Boys might play in large groups in which every boy knows his place. Some are leaders; others are followers. Boys compete with one another for leadership and like to get attention by talking about how well they can do things.
Girls, on the other hand, usually play in smaller groups, and often with only one or two "best friends". Most females want other girls to like them, and thus are interested in playing fairly and taking turns.
Experts have found that these differences are reflected in the ways that children use language while they play. Boys, like Tommy, often use commands when they talk to each other, saying things like "You go first. Don't wait for me." However, when Joy wants to influence her friends, she may say, "Let's try it this way. Let's do this," suggesting instead of using a command.
As Joy and Tommy grow up, they will continue to speak differently. In junior high school, Joy's position will depend on her circle of friends. If her friends are popular, then Joy may be too. Thus, when Joy has some information to share about a popular person at school, this proves that she has a friendship with this girl. In this way, Joy emphasizes her position within the school. Tommy, on the other hand, becomes popular through his own ability to play sports or to earn high grades.
According to American culture, Joy may continue, as an adult, to be interested in talking about other people and their lives, while Tommy may be more concerned with discussions of sports and news. Their topic tastes, therefore, may be quite different.
At each of life's stages, then, it is clear that culture certainly affects how both genders communicate with one another.
31. When Tommy was born, the gifts he got showed that people expected him to be______.
A. quiet
B. forceful
C. cheerful
D. weak
32. What kind of game does Joy love? She loves to______.
A. jump rope
B. play basketball
C. play football
D. play table tennis
33. What does "every boy knows his place" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Every boy knows his ability.
B. Every boy knows his position.
C. Every boy knows his authority.
D. Every boy knows his advantage.
34. We can find out from Paragraph 6 that girls like to play______.
A. in a large group
B. in a small group
C. with strangers
D. with boys
35. Tommy becomes popular through______.
A. his friends' help
B. his parents' help
C. his own ability
D. his sister's help
题目解答
答案
解析
本题主要考查对文章细节信息的理解和推理能力。解题的关键在于仔细阅读文章，从文中提取与题目相关的关键信息，并对其进行分析和判断。
- 第31题：
- 文章第一段提到“Tommy, was born. He received books and a football as gifts”。
- 足球通常象征着力量和竞争，这表明人们期望Tommy成为有力量、有竞争力的人。
- 选项A“quiet（安静的）”、C“cheerful（快乐的）”、D“weak（虚弱的）”均不符合足球所代表的含义，所以选B“forceful（有力量的）”。
- 第32题：
- 文章第二段明确指出“Joy loves jumping rope with her two best friends”。
- 而选项B“play basketball（打篮球）”、C“play football（踢足球）”、D“play table tennis（打乒乓球）”在文中均未提及是Joy喜欢的运动，所以选A“jump rope（跳绳）”。
- 第33题：
- 文章第五段提到“Some are leaders; others are followers”，说明在男孩的群体中，有领导者和追随者之分。
- “every boy knows his place”意思就是每个男孩都清楚自己在这个群体中的角色和位置，即领导者或者追随者。
- 选项A“Every boy knows his ability（每个男孩知道自己的能力）”、C“Every boy knows his authority（每个男孩知道自己的权力）”、D“Every boy knows his advantage（每个男孩知道自己的优势）”均不符合原文语境，所以选B“Every boy knows his position（每个男孩知道自己的位置）”。
- 第34题：
- 文章第六段提到“Girls, on the other hand, usually play in smaller groups, and often with only one or two ‘best friends’”。
- 这表明女孩喜欢在小团体中玩耍，而不是大群体，也不是和陌生人或者男孩一起玩。
- 选项A“in a large group（在大群体中）”、C“with strangers（和陌生人一起）”、D“with boys（和男孩一起）”均不符合原文描述，所以选B“in a small group（在小团体中）”。
- 第35题：
- 文章倒数第二段提到“Tommy, on the other hand, becomes popular through his own ability to play sports or to earn high grades”。
- 这说明Tommy是通过自己在体育方面的能力或者取得高分的能力变得受欢迎的，而不是依靠朋友、父母或者姐姐的帮助。
- 选项A“his friends' help（他朋友的帮助）”、B“his parents' help（他父母的帮助）”、D“his sister's help（他姐姐的帮助）”均不符合原文内容，所以选C“his own ability（他自己的能力）”。