题目
Which of the following statements about the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is correct?A. ESR is mainly used to diagnose heart diseases.B. The normal ESR value is exact the same for men and women.C. ESR measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube over time.D. A lower ESR always indicates good health.
Which of the following statements about the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is correct?
A. ESR is mainly used to diagnose heart diseases.
B. The normal ESR value is exact the same for men and women.
C. ESR measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube over time.
D. A lower ESR always indicates good health.
题目解答
答案
C. ESR measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube over time.
解析
本题考查对红细胞沉降率(ESR)的基本概念和临床意义的理解。解题核心在于掌握以下关键点:
- ESR的定义:红细胞在抗凝血液中自然沉降的速度。
- ESR的用途:作为非特异性炎症指标,用于辅助诊断感染或慢性炎症性疾病。
- 性别差异:正常参考值存在性别差异,女性通常略高于男性。
- 局限性:ESR升高或降低均需结合临床表现和其他检查,不能单独判断健康状况。
选项分析
A. ESR主要用于诊断心脏病
- 错误。ESR是非特异性炎症指标,主要用于检测感染、风湿性疾病等,而非直接诊断心脏病。虽然某些心脏疾病可能伴随ESR升高,但并非主要诊断工具。
B. 男性和女性的正常ESR值完全相同
- 错误。正常ESR值存在性别差异。例如:
- 男性:$0$–$15$ mm/h(或根据年龄调整)
- 女性:$0$–$20$ mm/h(通常略高于男性)
C. ESR测量红细胞在试管中下沉的速度
- 正确。ESR通过将抗凝血液置于垂直血沉管中,观察红细胞在$1$小时内沉降的距离(单位:mm/h)。沉降速度受血浆蛋白(如纤维蛋白原)影响。
D. 较低的ESR总是表示健康
- 错误。低ESR可能提示贫血或慢性病,且单独指标无法全面反映健康状况。需结合其他检查和临床表现综合判断。