题目
判断下列句子的基本句型。(1) Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm.(2) She loves the library because she loves books.(3) Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays.(4) To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(5) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.(6) There's a lot to explore in space.(7) Tim and his classmates are living on a ship.(8) I had my first maths class at senior high school.(9) I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(10) Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
判断下列句子的基本句型。 (1) Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. (2) She loves the library because she loves books. (3) Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. (4) To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (5) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. (6) There's a lot to explore in space. (7) Tim and his classmates are living on a ship. (8) I had my first maths class at senior high school. (9) I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. (10) Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
题目解答
答案
我们来逐句分析这10个英语句子的基本句型。英语的基本句型主要有以下七种：
1. **主语 + 谓语**（S + V）—— 不及物动词句型
2. **主语 + 谓语 + 宾语**（S + V + O）—— 及物动词句型
3. **主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语**（S + V + IO + DO）
4. **主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语**（S + V + O + OC）
5. **主语 + 系动词 + 表语**（S + V + P）—— 主系表结构
6. **There be 句型**—— 存在句
7. **形式主语句型**（It / To do... / Doing... 作主语）
我们逐句分析：
---
**(1) Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm.**
- 主语（S）：Your flight
- 谓语（V）：will leave（“leave”是不及物动词，没有宾语）
- 时间状语：at 5:00 pm
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 谓语**（S + V）
---
**(2) She loves the library because she loves books.**
- 主句：She loves the library
- 主语（S）：She
- 谓语（V）：loves
- 宾语（O）：the library
- “because she loves books” 是原因状语从句，不影响主句基本句型
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语**（S + V + O）
---
**(3) Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays.**
- 主语（S）：Our grandpa
- 谓语（V）：tells
- 间接宾语（IO）：us（给谁讲故事）
- 直接宾语（DO）：stories about Chairman Mao（故事本身）
- 时间状语：on Sundays
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语**（S + V + IO + DO）
---
**(4) To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.**
- 主语：To do today's homework without the teacher's help（不定式短语作主语）
- 系动词（V）：is
- 表语（P）：very difficult
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 系动词 + 表语**（S + V + P）
（主语是不定式短语，属于“非谓语作主语”的主系表结构）
---
**(5) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.**
- 主语（S）：She
- 谓语（V）：likes
- 宾语（O）：the children
- 宾语补足语（OC）：to read newspapers and books...（说明“the children”要做什么）
? “like sb to do sth” 是“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语**（S + V + O + OC）
---
**(6) There's a lot to explore in space.**
- “There is” 表示“存在”，是典型的 **There be 句型**
- 主语：a lot to explore in space
✅ **基本句型：There be 句型**（表示存在）
---
**(7) Tim and his classmates are living on a ship.**
- 主语（S）：Tim and his classmates
- 谓语（V）：are living（“live” 是不及物动词，没有宾语）
- 地点状语：on a ship
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 谓语**（S + V）
---
**(8) I had my first maths class at senior high school.**
- 主语（S）：I
- 谓语（V）：had
- 宾语（O）：my first maths class
? “have a class” 是“上课”，“class” 是宾语
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语**（S + V + O）
---
**(9) I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.**
- 主语（S）：I
- 谓语（V）：found
- 宾语（O）：most of my classmates and teachers
- 宾语补足语（OC）：friendly and helpful（用来描述宾语的状态）
? “find sb + adj.” 是典型的宾补结构
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语**（S + V + O + OC）
---
**(10) Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.**
- 主语：Studying and doing homework（动名词短语作主语）
- 系动词：seem
- 表语：much more fun
- 时间状语从句：when you are at sea
✅ **基本句型：主语 + 系动词 + 表语**（S + V + P）
---
### ✅ 最终答案汇总：
| 句子 | 基本句型 |
|------|-----------|
| (1) Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. | 主语 + 谓语（S + V） |
| (2) She loves the library because she loves books. | 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S + V + O） |
| (3) Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. | 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（S + V + IO + DO） |
| (4) To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. | 主语 + 系动词 + 表语（S + V + P） |
| (5) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. | 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S + V + O + OC） |
| (6) There's a lot to explore in space. | There be 句型（存在句） |
| (7) Tim and his classmates are living on a ship. | 主语 + 谓语（S + V） |
| (8) I had my first maths class at senior high school. | 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S + V + O） |
| (9) I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. | 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S + V + O + OC） |
| (10) Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea. | 主语 + 系动词 + 表语（S + V + P） |
---
\boxed{
\begin{aligned}
&\text{(1) 主语 + 谓语} \\
&\text{(2) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语} \\
&\text{(3) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语} \\
&\text{(4) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语} \\
&\text{(5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语} \\
&\text{(6) There be 句型} \\
&\text{(7) 主语 + 谓语} \\
&\text{(8) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语} \\
&\text{(9) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语} \\
&\text{(10) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语}
\end{aligned}
}