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阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。材料一: 人们认为防晒系数代表一切。防晒系数的确很重要;它衡量的是防晒霜过滤中波紫外线的能力,中波紫外线与晒伤和皮肤癌有关。但防晒系数仅表示过滤中波紫外线的能力,它并不代表任何防护长波紫外线的能力。 人们对防晒霜最大的误解是抵挡长波紫外线。和中波紫外线一样,长波紫外线也与增加患皮肤癌的风险有关,但与中波紫外线不同的是,长波紫外线完全没有经过臭氧层的过滤。长波紫外线不会导致晒伤,“但会让皮肤变黑老化,因为它能更深入皮肤,对胶原蛋白产生更大影响”。通过查看你的防晒霜产品标识可以判断你的防晒霜是否能够抵挡长波紫外线;这个标识就是“广谱防晒”。如果没有“广谱防晒”的标识,你的防晒霜可能无法抵挡长波紫外线。 防晒霜中的大部分活性成分对中波紫外线具有屏蔽作用,但能屏蔽长波紫外线的成分却很少,只有少数几种成分能同时屏蔽两种紫外线。 防晒系数30意味着,理论上你涂防晒霜后在户外被太阳晒伤的时间是你没涂防晒霜被晒伤的时间的30倍,前提是你一直适当补涂。防晒系数并不是直接反映对紫外线的抵挡能力,而且也不是一个线性关系的指标,所以防晒系数并非越高越好。相反,防晒系数越高的防晒霜使用起来越油腻,厚重,不舒适。(摘自2018年5月17日中国日报网)紫外线分类及特点较深穿透校张 低-|||-与皮肤结构作用-|||-产生黑色素 晒黑[注]UVA是长波,UVB是中波,UVC是短波。材料二: 很多人可能觉得在海边比在内陆更易被晒伤,这是因为海边的紫外线强度更强吗?晴空条件下,到达陆面的太阳紫外线辐射随着太阳高度角的增加而增加,海拔也对紫外线辐射具有重要影响,海拔越高,紫外线辐射强度越强。 海边容易晒黑甚至晒伤的原因可能有以下三个方面;一是海边空气质量较好,阳光在大气中穿透率高;二是海边建筑物,绿荫等遮挡较少;三是皮肤被海水浸泡后,直接暴露在阳光下可能更容易被紫外线侵袭。 在某些阴天情况下,到达地面的紫外线辐射要比晴空的情况下减少30%.一般薄云减弱地面紫外线辐射约35%,厚云减弱地面紫外线辐射可达90%.这并不是说阴天或者多云的情况下就不用防晒,因为高反照率的地表和高反射率的云层的来回内反射可使地面紫外线辐射增加许多倍,所以,阴天也一定要注意防晒。 那么到底应该如何防晒呢?皮肤科专家表示,涂抹防晒霜是目前最好的防晒方法,遮阳伞可以作为防晒霜的补充,但不能取代防晒霜。衣物的防晒效果则取决于面料。能够在夏天户外穿着的长袖衣物大多质地轻薄,有些甚至只是一层网纱或蕾丝,防晒效果差强人意。我们应该养成四季防晒的习惯,尤其是夏天。皮肤敏感的人,可以选择物理防晒霜,或是针对儿童和婴幼儿研发的防晒霜,这些防晒霜质地更温和,不易引发过敏。要根据天气和地带选择SPF值和PA值合适的防晒霜。一般化学防晒霜要在出门前半小时涂抹,之后每两三个小时补涂一次。(摘自2018年4月28日 新华网《五一出游,如何正确防晒?》)(1)下列关于防晒霜和防晒系数相关情况的理解,不正确的一项是 ____ A.防晒霜有物理防晒霜和化学防晒霜,一般化学防晒霜要在出门前半小时涂抹,之后每两三个小时补涂一次。,B.防晒霜中的大部分活性成分对中波紫外线具有屏蔽作用,而标注“广谱防晒”的防晒霜还能抵挡长波紫外线。C.防晒系数表示防晒霜过滤中波紫外线的能力,中波紫外线会导致晒伤,与增加患皮肤癌的风险有关,但防晒系数并非越高越好。D.防晒霜都有防晒系数,防晒系数20意味着你涂防晒霜后在户外被太阳晒伤的时间是你没涂防晒霜被晒伤的时间的20倍。(2)下列对材料相关内容的分析和评价,正确的一项是 ____ A.很多人觉得在海边比在内陆更易被晒黑甚至晒伤,这是因为海边空气质量较好,阳光在大气中穿透率高,海边的紫外线强度更强。B.紫外线中的UVA能与皮肤结构作用,产生黑色素;而UVC的杀菌力极高,但由于几乎完全被大气层滤掉而不能到达地面。C.衣物的面料决定衣服的防晒效果,如夏天户外穿的质地轻薄的长袖衣服,有些甚至只是一层网纱或蕾丝,这种衣物防晒效果很差。D.在一些阴天情况下,一般来说,厚云比薄云更能有效减弱地面的紫外辐射,所以阴天或者多云的情况下就可以不用防晒。(3)怎样正确选择防晒霜?请结合材料简要概括。

阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:
       人们认为防晒系数代表一切。防晒系数的确很重要;它衡量的是防晒霜过滤中波紫外线的能力,中波紫外线与晒伤和皮肤癌有关。但防晒系数仅表示过滤中波紫外线的能力,它并不代表任何防护长波紫外线的能力。
       人们对防晒霜最大的误解是抵挡长波紫外线。和中波紫外线一样,长波紫外线也与增加患皮肤癌的风险有关,但与中波紫外线不同的是,长波紫外线完全没有经过臭氧层的过滤。长波紫外线不会导致晒伤,“但会让皮肤变黑老化,因为它能更深入皮肤,对胶原蛋白产生更大影响”。通过查看你的防晒霜产品标识可以判断你的防晒霜是否能够抵挡长波紫外线;这个标识就是“广谱防晒”。如果没有“广谱防晒”的标识,你的防晒霜可能无法抵挡长波紫外线。
       防晒霜中的大部分活性成分对中波紫外线具有屏蔽作用,但能屏蔽长波紫外线的成分却很少,只有少数几种成分能同时屏蔽两种紫外线。
       防晒系数30意味着,理论上你涂防晒霜后在户外被太阳晒伤的时间是你没涂防晒霜被晒伤的时间的30倍,前提是你一直适当补涂。防晒系数并不是直接反映对紫外线的抵挡能力,而且也不是一个线性关系的指标,所以防晒系数并非越高越好。相反,防晒系数越高的防晒霜使用起来越油腻,厚重,不舒适。
(摘自2018年5月17日中国日报网)紫外线分类及特点
菁优网
[注]UVA是长波,UVB是中波,UVC是短波。
材料二:
       很多人可能觉得在海边比在内陆更易被晒伤,这是因为海边的紫外线强度更强吗?晴空条件下,到达陆面的太阳紫外线辐射随着太阳高度角的增加而增加,海拔也对紫外线辐射具有重要影响,海拔越高,紫外线辐射强度越强。
       海边容易晒黑甚至晒伤的原因可能有以下三个方面;一是海边空气质量较好,阳光在大气中穿透率高;二是海边建筑物,绿荫等遮挡较少;三是皮肤被海水浸泡后,直接暴露在阳光下可能更容易被紫外线侵袭。
       在某些阴天情况下,到达地面的紫外线辐射要比晴空的情况下减少30%.一般薄云减弱地面紫外线辐射约35%,厚云减弱地面紫外线辐射可达90%.这并不是说阴天或者多云的情况下就不用防晒,因为高反照率的地表和高反射率的云层的来回内反射可使地面紫外线辐射增加许多倍,所以,阴天也一定要注意防晒。
       那么到底应该如何防晒呢?皮肤科专家表示,涂抹防晒霜是目前最好的防晒方法,遮阳伞可以作为防晒霜的补充,但不能取代防晒霜。衣物的防晒效果则取决于面料。能够在夏天户外穿着的长袖衣物大多质地轻薄,有些甚至只是一层网纱或蕾丝,防晒效果差强人意。我们应该养成四季防晒的习惯,尤其是夏天。皮肤敏感的人,可以选择物理防晒霜,或是针对儿童和婴幼儿研发的防晒霜,这些防晒霜质地更温和,不易引发过敏。要根据天气和地带选择SPF值和PA值合适的防晒霜。一般化学防晒霜要在出门前半小时涂抹,之后每两三个小时补涂一次。
(摘自2018年4月28日  新华网《五一出游,如何正确防晒?》)
(1)下列关于防晒霜和防晒系数相关情况的理解,不正确的一项是 ____
A.防晒霜有物理防晒霜和化学防晒霜,一般化学防晒霜要在出门前半小时涂抹,之后每两三个小时补涂一次。,
B.防晒霜中的大部分活性成分对中波紫外线具有屏蔽作用,而标注“广谱防晒”的防晒霜还能抵挡长波紫外线。
C.防晒系数表示防晒霜过滤中波紫外线的能力,中波紫外线会导致晒伤,与增加患皮肤癌的风险有关,但防晒系数并非越高越好。
D.防晒霜都有防晒系数,防晒系数20意味着你涂防晒霜后在户外被太阳晒伤的时间是你没涂防晒霜被晒伤的时间的20倍。
(2)下列对材料相关内容的分析和评价,正确的一项是 ____
A.很多人觉得在海边比在内陆更易被晒黑甚至晒伤,这是因为海边空气质量较好,阳光在大气中穿透率高,海边的紫外线强度更强。
B.紫外线中的UVA能与皮肤结构作用,产生黑色素;而UVC的杀菌力极高,但由于几乎完全被大气层滤掉而不能到达地面。
C.衣物的面料决定衣服的防晒效果,如夏天户外穿的质地轻薄的长袖衣服,有些甚至只是一层网纱或蕾丝,这种衣物防晒效果很差。
D.在一些阴天情况下,一般来说,厚云比薄云更能有效减弱地面的紫外辐射,所以阴天或者多云的情况下就可以不用防晒。
(3)怎样正确选择防晒霜?请结合材料简要概括。

题目解答

答案

(1)D.“防晒系数20意味着你涂防晒霜后……”不合文意,原文相关表述为“防晒系数30意味着,理论上你涂防晒霜后在户外被太阳晒伤的时间是你没涂防晒霜被晒伤的时间的30倍”,选项缺少了“理论上意味着”这一限定条件。
(2)A.原因不全,根据材料二“海边容易晒黑甚至晒伤的原因可能有以下三个方面”,可知原文有三条原因。C.“这种衣物防晒效果很差”说法错误,原文是“差强人意”,意思是大体上使人满意。D.“阴天或者多云的情况下就可以不用防晒”结论错误,材料二中相关表述为“在某些阴天情况下,到达地面的紫外线辐射要比晴空的情况下减少30%.一般薄云减弱地面紫外线辐射约35%,厚云减弱地面紫外线辐射可达90%.这并不是说阴天或者多云的情况下就不用防晒”,因此阴天也一定要注意防晒。故选:B。
(3)材料一对“防晒系数”这一概念的解释以及“通过查看你的防晒霜产品标识可以判断你的防晒霜是否能够抵挡长波紫外线;这个标识就是‘广谱防晒’.如果没有‘广谱防晒’的标识,你的防晒霜可能无法抵挡长波紫外线”,可知根据要根据需求选择广谱防晒或一般的防晒霜,以及不同防晒系数的防晒霜;根据材料二“皮肤敏感的人,可以选择物理防晒霜,或是针对儿童和婴幼儿研发的防晒霜,这些防晒霜质地更温和,不易引发过敏。要根据天气和地带选择SPF值和PA值合适的防晒霜”也可以归纳出两个方面:“皮肤敏感的人,可以选择物理防晒霜,或是针对儿童和婴幼儿研发的防晒霜”,“要根据天气和地带选择SPF值和PA值合适的防晒霜”。
答案:
(1)D。
(2)B。
(3)①根据不同情况或需求选择广谱防晒或一般的防晒霜,以及不同防晒系数的防晒霜;②皮肤敏感的人,可以选择物理防晒霜,或是针对儿童和婴幼儿研发的防晒霜;③要根据天气和地带选择SPF值和PA值合适的防晒霜。

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  • The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.

  • Americans experience more food recalls (召回) today than they did five years ago, especially when it comes to meat and poultry (家禽). Meat and poultry recalls increased by two-thirds from 2013 to 2018, while food recalls overall went up 10%, according to the report recently published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.Meanwhile, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates (估计) 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from food-borne disease each year in the U.S. "We are looking for the farm-to-fork preventative solutions," said Adam Garber, the research group's consumer watchdog. "By doing that, we can protect people's health."Over the five-year period, poultry posted the most recalls (168), followed by beef (137) and pork (128). The report shows the most serious meat recalls are on the rise. Among meat and poultry, the number of Class I recalls has increased by 83%, nearly doubling. Class I, the most serious of the recalls, is issued when there is a reasonable probability that the food will cause health problems or death.53. When would Class I recalls be issued?A. When the food is likely to cause health problems or death.B. When there are too many complaints from customers.C. When the food problem lasts for five years.D. When the product quality is below standard.

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