The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships． One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or "provider" and purchaser or "consumer" in the typical doctor-patient relationship． In most sectors of the economy， it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various appealing factors of price， quality， and use， and it is the buyer who makes the decision． Such condition， however， is not common in most of the health-care industry． In the health-care industry， the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer． Once an individual has chosen to see a physician - and even then there may be no real choice - it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions： whether the patient should return "next Wednesday"， whether X-rays are needed， whether drugs should be prescribed， etc． It is rare that a patient will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price， especially when the disease is regarded as serious． This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care． The physician must certify the need for hospitalization， determine what procedures will be performed， and announce when the patient may be discharged． The patient may be consulted about some of the decisions， but in general it is the doctor's judgments that are final． Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer"． As a consequence， the medical staff represents the "power center" in hospital policy and decision-making， not the administration． Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants- the physician， the hospital， the patient， and the payer （generally an insurance carrier or government）- the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them． The hospital becomes an extension of the physician； the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital， and for the most part the patient plays a passive role． We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care choices are determined by physicians， not patients． For this reason， the economy directed at patients or the general is relatively ineffective．（1）The author's primary purpose in writing this passage is to ____ ．A． urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authorityB． inform potential patients of their health-care rightsC． criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patientsD． analyze some important economic factors in health-care（2）It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because ____ ．A． most of patient's bills are paid by his health insuranceB． it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalC． some patients might refuse to take their physician's adviceD． a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient's health（3）According to the author， when a doctor tells a patient to "return next Wednesday"， the doctor is in fact ____ ．A． advising the patient to seek a second opinionB． warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessaryC． instructing the patient to buy more medical servicesD． admitting that the first visit was ineffective（4）The author is most probably leading up to ____ ．A． a proposal to control medical costsB． a study of lawsuits against doctors for malpracticeC． an analysis of the cause of inflation （通货膨胀） in the USD． a discussion of a new medical treatment