题目

2.（5.0分）汉译英：产热

题目解答

答案

产热：The process by which the body generates heat through the oxidation of energy substances. This is a mechanism by which homeothermic animals maintain a relatively constant body temperature. During the oxidation of nutrients, more than half of the released energy is converted into heat to maintain body temperature, while the remainder is eventually dissipated as heat after conversion and utilization. The primary heat-producing organs in the body are skeletal muscles and the liver. In ruminants, rumen fermentation also generates a significant amount of heat. The body regulates heat production via neural and hormonal mechanisms; for example, in response to cold stimuli, shivering of skeletal muscles and increased thyroid hormone secretion enhance metabolic rate and heat production. （注：此翻译为意译，核心在于准确表达“产热”及其生理机制。）

解析

本题考查汉译英的能力，解题思路是准确理解“产热”这一概念，并结合其在生理学中的相关知识，用英语清晰、准确地表达出来。
首先明确“产热”的核心是身体通过能量物质氧化产生热量这一过程，然后阐述这一过程对于恒温动物维持体温恒定的作用。接着说明在营养物质氧化过程中能量的转化情况，即大部分能量转化为热量维持体温，其余部分最终也以热量形式散失。再提及身体主要的产热器官，如骨骼肌和肝脏，对于反刍动物，还要说明瘤胃发酵也会产生大量热量。最后说明身体通过神经和激素机制调节产热，例如在寒冷刺激下，骨骼肌战栗和甲状腺激素分泌增加会提高代谢率和产热量。