题目
Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NOLESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should: 1) summarize the study results, and then 2) comment on the relationship between loneliness and wisdom. You can support yourself with information from the excerpt. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your response on ANSWERSHEETTHREE. Loneliness and Wisdom:Are They Related? Rising rates of loneliness may not be news, but the three periods when it peaks may come as a surprise:More people reported feeling moderate to severe loneliness during their late 20s, their mid-50s and their late 80s than in other life periods, according to the research published in the journal International Psychogeriatrics. The general sense of isolation was also more prevalent than the researchers had expected.A full three-quarters of the study participants reported moderate to high levels of loneliness, said Dr. Philip Jeste, senior author of the study and a professor of psychiatry and neuroscience at the University of Califomia, San Diego. “One thing to remember is that loneliness is subjective. Loneliness does not mean being alone;loneliness does not mean not having friends,"said Dr. Jeste, who is also director at the UC San Diego's Center for Healthy Aging,"Loneliness is defined as"subjective distress'? It is the discrepancy between the social relationships you want and the social relationships you have, he said. Within the dark clouds, Dr. Jeste also found a silver lining:An inverse relationship exists between loneliness and wisdom."In other words, people who have high levels of wisdom didn't feel lonely, and vice versa,"he said.
Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NOLESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should: 1) summarize the study results, and then 2) comment on the relationship between loneliness and wisdom. You can support yourself with information from the excerpt. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your response on ANSWERSHEETTHREE. Loneliness and Wisdom:Are They Related? Rising rates of loneliness may not be news, but the three periods when it peaks may come as a surprise:More people reported feeling moderate to severe loneliness during their late 20s, their mid-50s and their late 80s than in other life periods, according to the research published in the journal International Psychogeriatrics. The general sense of isolation was also more prevalent than the researchers had expected.A full three-quarters of the study participants reported moderate to high levels of loneliness, said Dr. Philip Jeste, senior author of the study and a professor of psychiatry and neuroscience at the University of Califomia, San Diego. “One thing to remember is that loneliness is subjective. Loneliness does not mean being alone;loneliness does not mean not having friends,"said Dr. Jeste, who is also director at the UC San Diego's Center for Healthy Aging,"Loneliness is defined as"subjective distress'? It is the discrepancy between the social relationships you want and the social relationships you have, he said. Within the dark clouds, Dr. Jeste also found a silver lining:An inverse relationship exists between loneliness and wisdom."In other words, people who have high levels of wisdom didn't feel lonely, and vice versa,"he said.
题目解答
答案
### 研究结果总结
根据发表在《国际老年精神病学杂志》上的一项研究, loneliness(孤独感)在人生的三个特定时期达到高峰:20岁末、50岁中期和80岁末。这项研究的作者、加州大学圣地亚哥分校的精神病学和神经科学教授Philip Jeste博士指出,研究参与者中有四分之三的人报告了中度到高度的孤独感,这一比例高于研究人员的预期。Jeste博士强调,孤独感是主观的,它并不等同于独处或没有朋友,而是指个人希望拥有的社会关系与实际拥有的社会关系之间的差距。研究还发现,孤独感与智慧之间存在负相关关系,即智慧水平较高的人不太可能感到孤独,反之亦然。
### 评论:孤独感与智慧的关系
这项研究揭示了孤独感与智慧之间的复杂关系。首先,孤独感的高峰时期分布在人生的三个不同阶段,这表明孤独感是一个普遍而多维的现象,不受年龄的限制。这些时期可能与个人生活中的重大变化和挑战有关,例如职业发展、家庭变化和健康问题,这些都可能影响个人的社会关系和心理状态。
然而,研究中最有趣的部分是孤独感与智慧之间的负相关关系。智慧通常被定义为一种综合性的认知和情感能力,包括情感调节、社会决策和对生活的深刻理解。高智慧水平的人可能更擅长处理社会关系中的挑战,能够更好地调节自己的情感,从而减少孤独感。相反,孤独感较高的人可能在这些方面存在困难,导致他们难以建立和维持满意的社会关系。
此外,智慧还可能通过积极的自我反思和对生活的深刻理解来减轻孤独感。高智慧水平的人可能更能够接受自己的孤独感,将其视为人生的一部分,而不是一种负面的情绪体验。这种接受和理解有助于他们更好地应对孤独感,从而提高生活质量。
总之,这项研究不仅揭示了孤独感在人生不同阶段的分布,还强调了智慧在减轻孤独感方面的重要作用。通过培养智慧,个人可以更好地应对孤独感,提高社会关系的质量,从而实现更健康、更幸福的生活。
解析
考查要点:本题要求学生根据给定的英文材料,完成两项任务:总结研究结果和评论孤独感与智慧的关系。解题核心在于准确提取材料中的关键信息,并结合材料内容进行逻辑分析。
破题关键:
- 总结部分需抓住材料中的核心数据(如孤独感的三个高峰期、研究参与者的比例、孤独感的定义等)。
- 评论部分需结合材料中“孤独感与智慧呈负相关”的结论,联系智慧的特征(如情感调节能力、社会决策能力等),分析两者关系的内在逻辑。
1. 总结研究结果
提取关键数据
- 三个高峰期:孤独感在20岁末、50岁中期、80岁末显著增加。
- 高比例参与者:75%的研究参与者报告中重度孤独感。
- 孤独感定义:主观的社会关系落差,而非独居或无友。
整合信息
将上述数据整合为连贯的段落,突出研究发现的核心内容。
2. 评论孤独感与智慧的关系
理解负相关关系
- 智慧的特征:情感调节、社会决策、对生活的深刻理解。
- 智慧的作用:高智慧者能有效应对社会关系挑战,减少孤独感。
深入分析
- 接受与理解:智慧帮助个体将孤独视为正常人生体验,而非负面情绪。
- 双向影响:孤独感高者可能因社会关系维护能力不足而智慧水平较低。
结论
强调智慧在缓解孤独中的作用,提出培养智慧的建议。