题目

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. People in business often make decisions based on their own personal feelings or instincts. It is quite horrifying to see people being guided by some unknown force. But how wise is it, really, to let your instincts drive your decisions? In the decision-making process, relying on instincts only makes sense when you have a vast experience to support you. Simply"feeling"that something is right or should be done is highly subjective and can drown you. On the other hand, there is a more rational approach to making decisions. Data and analysis have long been associated with informed decisions. These reduce the likelihood of errors and increase the chances of success. Big, systematic data is mostly the foundation of most of our decisions, personal and business alike. But with its extreme usability comes a complication:what do you do if you strongly feel something should not be done, even if the data insists that it should? This seemingly easy question is what drives the need to understand the relationship between instincts and data in the decision-making process. Without making things complicated, the solution to this dilemma is using data and instincts in conjunction to arrive at the best possible decisions. 23 ·2023年12月四级真题(第三套)· Instinctive decisions are always backed by previous experiences or information, which acknowledges that instinctive decisions have worked in the past. Decisions are not about making the choice and braving the consequences because you want to blindly trust your instincts. They are about combining your inner wisdom with the knowledge of systematic data to make the best decisions. Sometimes, rational analysis and data are impractical to be employed in certain situations. Absence of definitive criteria, and time and resource constraints, and novel situations are instances which limit the practicality of data. The only feasible option is to rely on what your instincts tell you. In these situations, instincts can help you make effective and quick decisions. Combining instinctive and rational analysis produces well-rounded decisions. It reduces the chances of making mistakes, and has increasingly become a favorite approach to decision-making among leaders of today. 51. What does the author say businesspeople often do? A) Strive to make sense of some unknown forces. C) Draw on a vast wealth of past experience. B) Avoid being driven by their own feelings. D) Rely on instincts in decision-making. 52. What should we take into account in order to make informed decisions? A) The likelihood of errors. C) The complexity of circumstances. B) Systematic data and analysis. D) Personal feelings and business strategies. 53. What should people do in a decision-making process if instincts disagree with data? A) Resolve the dilemma with previous experience. C) Combine the two together. B) Figure out which of the two is more reliable. D) Prioritize instincts over data. 54. What should we do when facing various factors that limit the practicality of data? A) Make a rational and systematic analysis. C) Resort to our inner wisdom. B) Explore the most feasible options. D) Apply definitive criteria. 55. What does it take for decisions to become the best according to the author? A) Applying instincts and data in conjunction. C) Recalling what has actually worked in the past. B) Assessing all factors when making a choice. D) Refraining from trusting instincts arbitrarily.

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. People in business often make decisions based on their own personal feelings or instincts. It is quite horrifying to see people being guided by some unknown force. But how wise is it, really, to let your instincts drive your decisions? In the decision-making process, relying on instincts only makes sense when you have a vast experience to support you. Simply"feeling"that something is right or should be done is highly subjective and can drown you. On the other hand, there is a more rational approach to making decisions. Data and analysis have long been associated with informed decisions. These reduce the likelihood of errors and increase the chances of success. Big, systematic data is mostly the foundation of most of our decisions, personal and business alike. But with its extreme usability comes a complication:what do you do if you strongly feel something should not be done, even if the data insists that it should? This seemingly easy question is what drives the need to understand the relationship between instincts and data in the decision-making process. Without making things complicated, the solution to this dilemma is using data and instincts in conjunction to arrive at the best possible decisions. 23 ·2023年12月四级真题(第三套)· Instinctive decisions are always backed by previous experiences or information, which acknowledges that instinctive decisions have worked in the past. Decisions are not about making the choice and braving the consequences because you want to blindly trust your instincts. They are about combining your inner wisdom with the knowledge of systematic data to make the best decisions. Sometimes, rational analysis and data are impractical to be employed in certain situations. Absence of definitive criteria, and time and resource constraints, and novel situations are instances which limit the practicality of data. The only feasible option is to rely on what your instincts tell you. In these situations, instincts can help you make effective and quick decisions. Combining instinctive and rational analysis produces well-rounded decisions. It reduces the chances of making mistakes, and has increasingly become a favorite approach to decision-making among leaders of today. 51. What does the author say businesspeople often do? A) Strive to make sense of some unknown forces. C) Draw on a vast wealth of past experience. B) Avoid being driven by their own feelings. D) Rely on instincts in decision-making. 52. What should we take into account in order to make informed decisions? A) The likelihood of errors. C) The complexity of circumstances. B) Systematic data and analysis. D) Personal feelings and business strategies. 53. What should people do in a decision-making process if instincts disagree with data? A) Resolve the dilemma with previous experience. C) Combine the two together. B) Figure out which of the two is more reliable. D) Prioritize instincts over data. 54. What should we do when facing various factors that limit the practicality of data? A) Make a rational and systematic analysis. C) Resort to our inner wisdom. B) Explore the most feasible options. D) Apply definitive criteria. 55. What does it take for decisions to become the best according to the author? A) Applying instincts and data in conjunction. C) Recalling what has actually worked in the past. B) Assessing all factors when making a choice. D) Refraining from trusting instincts arbitrarily.

题目解答

答案

详细解析及答案

51. What does the author say businesspeople often do?

选项：
A) Strive to make sense of some unknown forces.
B) Avoid being driven by their own feelings.
C) Draw on a vast wealth of past experience.
D) Rely on instincts in decision-making.

解析：
文章开头提到：“People in business often make decisions based on their own personal feelings or instincts.” 这表明商业人士经常依赖直觉或个人感受来做决策。因此，正确答案是D。

答案：
D) Rely on instincts in decision-making.

52. What should we take into account in order to make informed decisions?

选项：
A) The likelihood of errors.
B) Systematic data and analysis.
C) The complexity of circumstances.
D) Personal feelings and business strategies.

解析：
文章中提到：“Data and analysis have long been associated with informed decisions. These reduce the likelihood of errors and increase the chances of success.” 这表明系统化的数据和分析是做出明智决策的重要因素。因此，正确答案是B。

答案：
B) Systematic data and analysis.

53. What should people do in a decision-making process if instincts disagree with data?

选项：
A) Resolve the dilemma with previous experience.
B) Figure out which of the two is more reliable.
C) Combine the two together.
D) Prioritize instincts over data.

解析：
文章中提到：“the solution to this dilemma is using data and instincts in conjunction to arrive at the best possible decisions.” 这表明在直觉和数据不一致时，应该将两者结合起来做出最佳决策。因此，正确答案是C。

答案：
C) Combine the two together.

54. What should we do when facing various factors that limit the practicality of data?

选项：
A) Make a rational and systematic analysis.
B) Explore the most feasible options.
C) Resort to our inner wisdom.
D) Apply definitive criteria.

解析：
文章中提到：“Sometimes, rational analysis and data are impractical to be employed in certain situations. Absence of definitive criteria, and time and resource constraints, and novel situations are instances which limit the practicality of data. The only feasible option is to rely on what your instincts tell you.” 这表明在数据不实用的情况下，应该依赖直觉。因此，正确答案是C。

答案：
C) Resort to our inner wisdom.

55. What does it take for decisions to become the best according to the author?

选项：
A) Applying instincts and data in conjunction.
B) Assessing all factors when making a choice.
C) Recalling what has actually worked in the past.
D) Refraining from trusting instincts arbitrarily.

解析：
文章中多次提到，最佳决策是将直觉和数据结合起来。例如：“Combining instinctive and rational analysis produces well-rounded decisions. It reduces the chances of making mistakes, and has increasingly become a favorite approach to decision-making among leaders of today.” 因此，正确答案是A。

答案：
A) Applying instincts and data in conjunction.

解析

本文围绕商业决策中直觉与数据的关系展开论述。首先指出商界人士常依赖个人感受或直觉做决策，接着说明仅靠直觉的主观性风险，强调数据和分析对明智决策的重要性。随后讨论直觉与数据冲突时的解决方法——结合二者，并提到数据不实用时需依赖直觉，最后总结最佳决策是直觉与数据的结合。

51题解析

题目问作者认为商界人士经常做什么。根据文章首句“People in business often make decisions based on their own personal feelings or instincts.”（商界人士经常根据个人感受或直觉做决定），直接对应选项D“Rely on instincts in decision-making.”（在决策中依赖直觉）。其他选项：A“努力理解未知力量”未提及；B“避免被自身感受驱动”与原文相反；C“利用大量过去经验”是后文提到的直觉合理的条件，非“经常做的事”。

52题解析

题目问为了做出明智决策应考虑什么。文章明确指出“Data and analysis have long been associated with informed decisions.”（数据和分析长期与明智决策相关），且“These reduce the likelihood of errors and increase the chances of success.”（这些减少错误可能，增加成功机会），对应选项B“Systematic data and analysis.”（系统化的数据和分析）。其他选项：A“错误的可能性”是数据和分析的结果，非“考虑因素”；C“情况的复杂性”未直接关联；D“个人感受和商业策略”是直觉或非明智决策的因素，排除。

53题解析

题目问当直觉与数据冲突时应怎么做。文章提到“This seemingly easy question... the solution to this dilemma is using data and instincts in conjunction to arrive at the best possible decisions.”（解决这一困境的方法是结合数据和直觉），对应选项C“Combine the two together.”（将二者结合）。其他选项：A“用过去经验解决困境”未提及；B“判断哪个更可靠”不是文章建议的方法；D“优先考虑直觉直觉直觉 over 数据”与原文“结合”相悖。

54题解析

题目问面对限制数据实用性的各种因素时应怎么做。文章指出“Sometimes, rational analysis and data are impractical... The only feasible option is to rely on what your instincts tell you.”（有时数据不实用，唯一可行的是依赖直觉），“instincts”即“inner wisdom”（内在智慧），对应选项C“Resort to our inner wisdom.”（诉诸内在智慧）。其他选项：A“理性系统分析”是数据实用时的做法；B“探索最可行选项”未提及；D“应用明确标准”是数据实用的条件，而非数据不可用时的做法。

55题解析

题目问根据作者，决策如何成为最佳。文章结尾强调“Combining instinctive and rational analysis produces well-rounded decisions... has increasingly become a favorite approach...”（结合直觉和理性分析产生全面决策），对应选项A“Applying instincts and data in conjunction.”（结合直觉和数据）。其他选项：B“评估所有因素”未明确提及；C“回忆过去有效的方法”是直觉的支撑，非最佳决策的核心；D“避免任意信任直觉”是部分要求，非完整做法。