Passage 2 Sixty-eight percent of American's wealth is generated by manufacturing(制造业). If the United States hopes to continue to keep a position of prestige (威望) and remain competitive in the global economy, it must have strong manufacturing. What has been done to maintain the competitive position of the United States as a major manufacturing nation? Unfortunately. it would appear too little has been done. While spending about 150 billion per year on research and development - more than that of the UK. France and Japan combined -the United States has not paid enough attention to manufacturing.The NSF (National Science Foundation) spends only 13percent of its budget on engineering and only 1.2 percent on manufacturing. In Germany.30 percent of the research funding goes to engineering and 15 percent to manufacturing. The US Department of Commerce(商务)has only five government-run technology centers while Japan has 170 government-run technology centers bringing new manufacturing techniques to business. In terms of scientific research, the United States has done very well.About one third of the world's scientific papers are produced by the United States. The nearest competitors are the United Kingdom with 8.2 percent, and Japan with 7.7 percent Almost 50 percent of all references cited in other scientific papers are American: the nearest competitors are all below 10 percent. Some of the problems of American industry can be shown by a few examples. The number of hours it takes to build an automobile in theUnited States has increased: in Japan it has decreased (by 60 percent between the years of 1970 and 1981 alone). It now takes half as much time to assemble (组装)a Japanese car as to assemble an American car.It took nine years for the United States to go from research to production of numerically controlled machine tools(数控机床);in Japan it took only two years.The accuracy and repeat ability of typical Japanese machine tools are better than US machine tools. The use of robots in the United States also develops more slowly than other industrialized nations.1.Which of the following countries spends the biggest amount of money on research and development?A. Japan.B.The United States.C. France.D.The United Kingdom.2.In which field is the United States doing well?A.Engineering.B. Manufacturing.C. Scientific research.D. Robot production.3.What is the main problem with American manufacturing industry?A. The US has not Shown enough concern about manufacturing.B.The US is spending too much money on research and development.C.The Us has not built enough government-owned technology centers.D. The US produces only about one-third of the world's scientific papers.4.In the last paragraph, the author cites several examples to show thatA.Japanese cars are much easier to assemble than American cars B.Japan is a leading country with strong manufacturing technology C.the US is not using many robots in its manufacturing like some other countriesD. the US manufacturing is not doing as well as some other countries in some aspects5.According to the passage,which of the following statement is NOT true?A.The United States has done very well in scientific research.B. It takes less time now for the US to assemble an automobile.C.The NSF spends too little money on developing manufacturing.D. A bit over two-thirds of the US' wealth comes from manufacturing.

Passage 2

      Sixty-eight percent of American's wealth is generated by manufacturing(制造业). If the United States hopes to continue to keep a position of prestige (威望) and remain competitive in the global economy, it must have strong manufacturing.

     What has been done to maintain the competitive position of the United States as a major manufacturing nation? Unfortunately. it would appear too little has been done. While spending about $150 billion per year on research and development - more than that of the UK. France and Japan combined -the United States has not paid enough attention to manufacturing.The NSF (National Science Foundation) spends only 13percent of its budget on engineering and only 1.2 percent on manufacturing. In Germany.30 percent of the research funding goes to engineering and 15 percent to manufacturing. The US Department of Commerce(商务)has only five government-run technology centers while Japan has 170 government-run technology centers bringing new manufacturing techniques to business.

     In terms of scientific research, the United States has done very well.About one third of the world's scientific papers are produced by the United States. The nearest competitors are the United Kingdom with 8.2 percent, and Japan with 7.7 percent Almost 50 percent of all references cited in other scientific papers are American: the nearest competitors are all below 10 percent.

     Some of the problems of American industry can be shown by a few examples. The number of hours it takes to build an automobile in the

United States has increased: in Japan it has decreased (by 60 percent between the years of 1970 and 1981 alone). It now takes half as much time to assemble (组装)a Japanese car as to assemble an American car.It took nine years for the United States to go from research to production of numerically controlled machine tools(数控机床);in Japan it took only two years.The accuracy and repeat ability of typical Japanese machine tools are better than US machine tools. The use of robots in the United States also develops more slowly than other industrialized nations.

1.Which of the following countries spends the biggest amount of money on research and development?

A. Japan.

B.The United States.

C. France.

D.The United Kingdom.

2.In which field is the United States doing well?

A.Engineering.

B. Manufacturing.

C. Scientific research.

D. Robot production.

3.What is the main problem with American manufacturing industry?

A. The US has not Shown enough concern about manufacturing.

B.The US is spending too much money on research and development.

C.The Us has not built enough government-owned technology centers.

D. The US produces only about one-third of the world's scientific papers.

4.In the last paragraph, the author cites several examples to show that

A.Japanese cars are much easier to assemble than American cars

B.Japan is a leading country with strong manufacturing technology

C.the US is not using many robots in its manufacturing like some other countries

D. the US manufacturing is not doing as well as some other countries in some aspects

5.According to the passage,which of the following statement is NOT true?

A.The United States has done very well in scientific research.

B. It takes less time now for the US to assemble an automobile.

C.The NSF spends too little money on developing manufacturing.

D. A bit over two-thirds of the US' wealth comes from manufacturing.