题目

IV.Summary Writing-|||-Directions:Read the following passage.Summari main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no-|||-more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.-|||-71. Friendship-|||-To help us understand what friendshi really means,we need to review some classical views of friendship-|||-According to Aristotle,we may find three kinds of friendship:-|||-Friendship based on utility. Utility is an impermanent thing:it changes according to circumstances.When the-|||-ground for friendship disappears,the friendship also breaks up.Friendships of this kind seem to occur most-|||-frequently between the elderly,because at their age what they want is not pleasure but utility Friendships based-|||-on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage.-|||-Such persons do not spend much time together,because sometimes they do not even like one another,and-|||-therefore feel no need of such an association unless they are mutually useful.They take pleasure in each other`s-|||-company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.-|||-Friendship based on pleasure.Friendship betwe the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure,because-|||-the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings,and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the-|||-opportunity of the moment.As they grow up,however,their tastes change too,so that they are quick to make and-|||-to break friendships.That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly,changi their attitude often,even-|||-within the same day.-|||-Friendship based on goodness.Perfect friendsh is based on goodness.Only the friendship of those who are-|||-good,and similar in their goodness,is perfect.The conduct of good men is the same or similar.It is between-|||-good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form.Such friendships are rare and-|||-they need time and intimacy;for as the saying goes. true friends must go through trials and tribulations(患-|||-难)together.And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other that-|||-he is worthy of love.and so won his trust.The wish for friendship may develop rapidly,but true friendship does

题目解答

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解析

考查要点：本题要求学生根据亚里士多德对友谊的分类进行总结，需准确提取三种友谊类型的核心特征。
解题思路：需明确三种友谊的分类标准（实用、快乐、善良），并对应各自的典型人群、持续性特点。关键点在于用简洁语言概括每类友谊的定义与核心变化因素。

  1. 分类梳理：

    • 实用型友谊：基于利益，常见于老年人和中年人，随利益消失而破裂。
    • 快乐型友谊：基于情感与即时快乐，常见于年轻人，随年龄增长和品味变化而破裂。
    • 善良型友谊：基于道德相似性，需时间与考验，持久且稀有。

  2. 语言整合：

    • 每类友谊需包含分类名称、典型人群、核心变化因素，用简洁句式串联。