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Passage 2When you've read the same paragraph 10 times and you still make little of it as you are reading ancient Egyptian, and you're not studying ancient Egyptian, it's time for you to put the books down. Experts say good breaks are a critical part of exam preparation and actually make your brain work better.Debbie Bruckner, the director of the Student Union Wellness Centre at the University of Calgary, says an overburdened brain stops processing new information. "You've got to put it into your short-term memory and then move it into your long-term memory," she says. To do that, you need to stop cramming new knowledge into your head.Psychologist Joanne Mills says most people can concentrate for 45 minutes to an hour at a time, but then need 15 minutes to rest. She suggests picking your break activity—taking a walk, listening to music—and setting a timer for 15 minutes. "It's a cue to your mind" she says.Mills also suggests setting targets and stopping when you've reached them. "Some students will take that break even if they haven't finished what they set out to do and then they don't really relax or enjoy it because their mind is racing with 'I must, I should, I have to.' If you're in the flow, ride the momentum until you come to a natural break in the material, then set the timer again and walk to the corner store.Alternating which books you're hitting also helps. Work on English for an hour, then switch to math. It's like exercising multiple muscles at the gym, as different parts of your brain work for different subjects.Bruckner says that to maintain a healthy mind-body-spirit temperament in the heat of exam season, sit down with your calendar."Make a schedule for a month—when your assignments are due, when your final exams are, what the weighting is for each," she says.The word "cram" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ()A) put something into a container, especially in a hurryB) put many things into a place at one time that makes it completely fullC) teach students as much as possible in a short time before the examinationD) put too much knowledge into the brain, although there is hardly enough room for it.

Passage 2 When you've read the same paragraph 10 times and you still make little of it as you are reading ancient Egyptian, and you're not studying ancient Egyptian, it's time for you to put the books down. Experts say good breaks are a critical part of exam preparation and actually make your brain work better. Debbie Bruckner, the director of the Student Union Wellness Centre at the University of Calgary, says an overburdened brain stops processing new information. "You've got to put it into your short-term memory and then move it into your long-term memory," she says. To do that, you need to stop cramming new knowledge into your head. Psychologist Joanne Mills says most people can concentrate for 45 minutes to an hour at a time, but then need 15 minutes to rest. She suggests picking your break activity—taking a walk, listening to music—and setting a timer for 15 minutes. "It's a cue to your mind" she says. Mills also suggests setting targets and stopping when you've reached them. "Some students will take that break even if they haven't finished what they set out to do and then they don't really relax or enjoy it because their mind is racing with 'I must, I should, I have to.' If you're in the flow, ride the momentum until you come to a natural break in the material, then set the timer again and walk to the corner store. Alternating which books you're hitting also helps. Work on English for an hour, then switch to math. It's like exercising multiple muscles at the gym, as different parts of your brain work for different subjects. Bruckner says that to maintain a healthy mind-body-spirit temperament in the heat of exam season, sit down with your calendar. "Make a schedule for a month—when your assignments are due, when your final exams are, what the weighting is for each," she says. The word "cram" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to () A) put something into a container, especially in a hurry B) put many things into a place at one time that makes it completely full C) teach students as much as possible in a short time before the examination D) put too much knowledge into the brain, although there is hardly enough room for it.

题目解答

答案

我们来一步一步分析这道题目。 题目要求我们找出第二段中“cram”这个词的**最接近的意思**,也就是它的**近义词或最恰当的解释**。 --- ### 第一步:理解上下文 我们来看“cram”出现的句子: > "To do that, you need to stop cramming new knowledge into your head." 翻译为: > “要做到这一点,你需要停止把新知识塞进你的大脑。” 这句话的前文是: > “你必须先把信息放进短期记忆,再转移到长期记忆。要做到这一点,你就需要停止……” 所以,这里的“cramming new knowledge into your head”指的是:**不停地、大量地、快速地往脑子里塞新知识**,尤其是在学习或备考时。 --- ### 第二步:分析选项 我们来看四个选项的意思: **A) put something into a container, especially in a hurry** 意思是:“把某物放进一个容器里,尤其是匆忙地放。” ——这是“cram”的字面意思之一,比如“把衣服塞进行李箱”。虽然符合“塞”的动作,但不够贴合“往脑子里塞知识”这个**学习语境**。 **B) put many things into a place at one time that makes it completely full** 意思是:“一次把很多东西放进一个地方,直到它完全装满。” ——这个意思更强调“装满”的结果,也偏向字面用法,比如“房间里挤满了人”。虽然接近,但依然没有突出“学习”或“考试前突击”的含义。 **C) teach students as much as possible in a short time before the examination** 意思是:“在考试前短时间内尽可能多地教学生。” ——这个选项描述的是“老师教”的行为,但原文中是“you need to stop cramming”,主语是“你”(学生),是“自己往脑子里塞知识”,而不是“被教”。所以这个选项主语不匹配,**不够准确**。 **D) put too much knowledge into the brain, although there is hardly enough room for it.** 意思是:“把太多知识塞进大脑,尽管大脑几乎没有空间了。” ——这个选项非常贴切!它不仅描述了“塞”的动作,还强调了“大脑已经快装不下了”这一状态,正好对应原文中“大脑过载,无法处理新信息”的观点。而且它用的是“knowledge”和“brain”,完全契合上下文。 --- ### 第三步:结合文章主旨 文章讲的是:**学习时要适当休息,不能一直强行输入知识**。因为大脑像容器一样,满了就无法继续处理信息。Bruckner提到“overburdened brain”(超负荷的大脑)就停止工作了,所以要“stop cramming”。 因此,“cram”在这里强调的是:**不顾大脑承受能力,强行塞入过多知识**。 选项 D 正好表达了这种“过度填充、空间不足”的状态。 --- ### 结论: 四个选项中,**D 选项最准确地反映了“cram”在本文语境中的含义**。 --- ✅ **答案:D** **put too much knowledge into the brain, although there is hardly enough room for it.** \boxed{D}

解析

考查要点:本题考查根据上下文推断单词含义的能力,需要结合语境和文章主旨进行推理。

解题核心思路:

  1. 定位上下文:明确“cram”出现的句子,理解其在句中的动作对象(新知识)和目的(停止向大脑输入)。
  2. 联系文章主旨:文章强调“停止死记硬背,通过休息和交替科目提升学习效率”,因此“cram”应与“过度强行输入知识”相关。
  3. 排除干扰项:重点关注选项中是否包含“强行填充”“空间不足”等关键信息,排除与学习语境不符的选项。

步骤1:理解“cram”所在句的语境

原句:“To do that, you need to stop cramming new knowledge into your head.”

  • 动作对象:新知识(new knowledge)
  • 动作目的:停止将新知识强行塞入大脑
  • 上下文关联:前文提到“超负荷的大脑停止处理新信息”,说明“cram”指不顾大脑容量强行输入知识。

步骤2:分析选项关键点

选项D明确包含两个核心要素:

  1. “put too much knowledge”(强行输入过多知识)
  2. “hardly enough room”(大脑空间不足)
    这两个要素与文章中“overburdened brain”的描述高度一致。

步骤3:排除错误选项

  • A、B:仅描述“塞入”或“装满”,未体现“学习语境”和“大脑空间不足”。
  • C:主语是“老师教学生”,但原文主语是“学生自己学习”,主语不匹配。

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