Fast readingIn this section, you are going to read one passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Who Will Suffer Most From Climate Change? A) A few years ago Melinda and I visited with a group of rice farmers in Bihar, India, one of the most flood-prone regions of the country. All of them were extremely poor and depended on the rice they grew to feed and support their families. When the monsoon (雨季) rains arrived each year, the rivers would swell, threatening to flood their farms and ruin their crops. Still, they were willing to bet everything on the chance that their farm would be spared. It was a gamble they often lost. Their crops ruined, they would flee to the cities in search of odd jobs to feed their families. By the next year, however, they would return — often poorer than when they left — ready to plant again. B) Our visit was a powerful reminder that for the world's poorest farmers, life is a high-wire act — without safety nets. They don't have access to improved seeds, fertilizer, irrigation (灌溉) systems, and other beneficial technologies. And no crop insurance either to protect themselves against losses. Just one stroke of bad fortune — a drought, a flood, or an illness — is enough for them to tumble deeper into poverty and hunger. C) Now, climate change is set to add a fresh layer of risk to their lives. Rising temperatures in the decades ahead will lead to major disruptions in agriculture, particularly in tropical zones. Crops won't grow because of too little rain or too much rain. Pests will thrive in the warmer climate and destroy crops. D) Farmers in wealthier countries will experience changes too. But they have ways to manage these risks. They can plant drought-tolerant crops, use sophisticated soil analysis to make their land more productive, and protect themselves from losses with crop insurance. E) The world's poorest farmers show up for work each day for the most part empty-handed. That's why of all the people who will suffer from climate change, they are likely to suffer the most. Poor farmers will feel the sting of these changes at the same time the world needs their help to feed a growing population. By 2050, global food demand is expected to increase by 60%. Declining harvests would strain the global food system, increasing hunger and eroding (腐蚀，侵蚀) the tremendous progress the world has made against poverty over the last half century. F) I'm optimistic that we can avoid the worst impacts of climate change and feed the world — if we act now. Although the severest impacts of climate change may be several decades away, we have precious little time to find solutions for the world's most vulnerable farmers. As I wrote in July, there's an urgent need for governments to invest in new clean-energy innovations that will dramatically reduce greenhouse emissions and halt rising temperatures. G) At the same time, we need to recognize that it's already too late to stop all of the impacts of hotter temperatures. Even if the world discovered a cheap, clean energy source next week, it would take time for the world to kick its fossil fuel-powered habits and shift to a carbon-free future. Some impacts from climate change are inevitable. That's why it's critical for the world to invest in efforts to help the poorest adapt. H) Here's the good news. Many of the tools they'll need to adapt are quite basic — things that they need anyway to grow more food and earn more income: access to financing, better seeds, fertilizer, training and markets where they can sell what they grow. I) Other tools are new and tailored to the demands of a changing climate. The Gates Foundation and its partners have worked together to develop new varieties of seeds that grow even during times of drought or flooding. The rice farmers I met in Bihar, for instance, are now growing a new variety of flood-tolerant rice — nicknamed "scuba" (水肺，水中呼吸器) rice — that can survive two weeks underwater. If shifts in the weather pattern bring more flooding to their region, they are already prepared for it. Other rice varieties are being developed that can withstand drought, heat, cold, and soil problems like high salt contamination. J) All of these efforts have the power to transform lives. It's quite common to see these farmers double or triple their harvests and their incomes when they have access to the advances farmers in the rich world take for granted. This new prosperity allows them to improve their diets, invest in their farms, and send their children to school. It also pulls their lives back from the razor's edge, giving them a sense of security even if they have a bad harvest. K) Of course, there will also be threats from climate change that we can't foresee. To be prepared, the world needs to accelerate research into seeds and supports for smallholder (小佃农) farmers. One of the most exciting innovations to help farmers is satellite technology. In Africa, researchers are using satellite images to create detailed soil maps, which can inform farmers about what varieties will thrive on their land. L) In this year's Annual Letter, Melinda and I made a bet that Africa will be able to feed itself in the next 15 years. Even with the risks of climate change, that's a bet I stand by. Yes, poor farmers have it tough. Their lives are puzzles with so many pieces to get right — from planting the right seeds and using the correct fertilizer to getting training and having a place to sell their harvest. If just one piece falls out of place, their lives can fall apart. M) I know the world has what it takes to help put those pieces in place for both the challenges they face today and the ones they'll face tomorrow. Most importantly, I know the farmers do too.1.The world should take efforts to help the poorest farmers adapt since climate change might cause some unavoidable impacts. 2.Though the farmers in richer countries will encounter the climate changes, they are able to deal with the possible difficulties. 3.The author is confident that if we take immediate action we can avoid the worst impacts of climate change and provide enough crops for the world. 4. New varieties of seeds have been developed that can withstand the impacts of a changing climate. 5. Satellite technology can help farmers in Africa to decide what varieties of seeds to plant on their land. 6. What the poor farmers need are the basic things that can help them have a better harvest and earn more money. 7. There is an increasing world population and food demand while the poor farmers are facing declining harvests which is harmful for the global food system. 8. Both the world and the farmers themselves will try their best to face the challenges of climate change. 9. The life of the world's poorest farmers is so vulnerable that just one stroke of bad fortune can make them poorer and hungrier. 10. Some farmers in Bihar are now growing a new type of rice which can live 14 days underwater even if there is a flood.