题目

Passage 1When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and people are worrying about obesity (肥胖).Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with shortage, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy stored around their expanding bellies (腹部).Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer. According to the UN, the number of people short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20 years later, even though the world's population increased by 1.6 billion over the period. This is mostly a cause for celebration. Mankind has won his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring (后代) had enough to eat. But the consequence of prosperity is a new worry that brings with it a large number of interesting policy dilemmas.As a cause of suffering of the modern world, obesity is a serious problem. It is the world's biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of many serious diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an "epidemic" in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century's dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.(1) (单选题)1) In the process of evolution, mankind learned to ________.A.. make preparations for the coming of extreme weathersB.. cope with the lacking of scientific knowledge essential to conquer the natureC.. get as fat as possible in good years to ensure survival in bad yearsD.. store such energy resources as wood, coal, etc in order to get through cold winter(2) (单选题)2) Why has the number of people short of food fallen?A.. Because the UN has tried hard to call on people to save food.B.. Because the population grows at a lower rate than before.C.. Because more food can be produced with the development of agriculture.D.. Because there are fewer people who can eat much on earth now.(3) (单选题)3) What does the World Health Organization think of obesity?A.. The WHO regards it as an illness prevailing among people.B.. The WHO sees it as a symbol of the economic development.C.. Obesity is a problem people can never solve.D.. Obesity has nothing to do with prosperity.(4) (单选题)4) What do we know about public-health warnings, combined with media pressure?A.. It has led to the increase of sales of healthier food in every part of the world.B.. It will definitely make people determined to lose weight in a few years.C.. It has succeeded in persuading people to give up smoking.D.. It has resulted in the decrease in the number of people who die of cancer.(5) (单选题)5) Although American people are losing some weight in recent years, ________.A.. it is predicted that they cannot solve the problem foreverB.. people in other countries are still putting on weightC.. people in other countries are still fighting against hungerD.. they will gain more weight in the future

Passage 1When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and people are worrying about obesity (肥胖).Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with shortage, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy stored around their expanding bellies (腹部).Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer. According to the UN, the number of people short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20 years later, even though the world's population increased by 1.6 billion over the period. This is mostly a cause for celebration. Mankind has won his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring (后代) had enough to eat. But the consequence of prosperity is a new worry that brings with it a large number of interesting policy dilemmas.As a cause of suffering of the modern world, obesity is a serious problem. It is the world's biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of many serious diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an "epidemic" in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century's dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.(1) (单选题)1) In the process of evolution, mankind learned to ________.A.. make preparations for the coming of extreme weathersB.. cope with the lacking of scientific knowledge essential to conquer the natureC.. get as fat as possible in good years to ensure survival in bad yearsD.. store such energy resources as wood, coal, etc in order to get through cold winter(2) (单选题)2) Why has the number of people short of food fallen?A.. Because the UN has tried hard to call on people to save food.B.. Because the population grows at a lower rate than before.C.. Because more food can be produced with the development of agriculture.D.. Because there are fewer people who can eat much on earth now.(3) (单选题)3) What does the World Health Organization think of obesity?A.. The WHO regards it as an illness prevailing among people.B.. The WHO sees it as a symbol of the economic development.C.. Obesity is a problem people can never solve.D.. Obesity has nothing to do with prosperity.(4) (单选题)4) What do we know about public-health warnings, combined with media pressure?A.. It has led to the increase of sales of healthier food in every part of the world.B.. It will definitely make people determined to lose weight in a few years.C.. It has succeeded in persuading people to give up smoking.D.. It has resulted in the decrease in the number of people who die of cancer.(5) (单选题)5) Although American people are losing some weight in recent years, ________.A.. it is predicted that they cannot solve the problem foreverB.. people in other countries are still putting on weightC.. people in other countries are still fighting against hungerD.. they will gain more weight in the future

题目解答

答案

1、C2、C3、A4、C5、B

解析

整体考察内容

本文围绕肥胖问题展开，涉及进化对人类储存能量的影响、粮食短缺人数减少的原因、世界卫生组织对肥胖的看法、公共健康警告与媒体压力的作用及美国和其他地区的肥胖现状等，主要考查对文章细节的理解能力。

题目解析

1) 题目：In the process of evolution, mankind learned to ______.（进化过程中，人类学会了什么？）

  • 定位原文：第二段前两句 “Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with shortage, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones.”（进化主要是原因。它使人类学会应对短缺，而非富足。人类在丰年完美储存能量以度过荒年。）
  • 选项分析：
    • A. 为极端天气做准备：原文未提及“极端天气”，无依据。
    • B. 应对征服自然所需的科学知识匮乏：原文未提“科学知识”，无关。
    • C. 在丰年尽可能变胖以确保荒年生存：“store energy in good years to see through lean ones”（丰年储存能量度过荒年）对应“get as fat as possible in good years to ensure survival in bad years”，正确。
    • D. 储存木材、煤炭等能源过冬：原文储存的是“energy in body”（身体能量），非“wood, coal”，错误。
  • 答案：C

2) 题目：Why has the number of people short of food fallen?（为什么粮食短缺的人数减少了？）

  • 定位原文：第三段 “Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer.”（由于农业生产力提升，荒年更少了。）
  • 选项分析：
    • A. 联合国呼吁节约粮食：原文未提联合国“call on save food”，无依据。
    • B. 人口增长率低于以前：原文“the world's population increased by 1.6 billion”（人口增长16亿），未提增长率下降，错误。
    • C. 农业发展使粮食产量增加：“rising agricultural productivity”直接对应，正确。
    • D. 能吃得多的人更少：原文未提“fewer people eat much”，无关。
  • 答案：C

3) 题目：What does the World Health Organization think of obesity?（世界卫生组织如何看待肥胖？）

  • 定位原文：第四段 “Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an 'epidemic' in 2000...”（自2000年世卫组织将肥胖标记为“流行病”……）
  • 选项分析：
    • A. 世卫组织认为它是在人群中流行的疾病：“epidemic”（流行病）即“illness prevailing among people”，正确。
    • B. 视为经济发展的象征：原文未提“symbol of economic development”，错误。
    • C. 是无法解决的问题：原文未提“never solve”，无依据。
    • D. 与繁荣无关：第四段 “the consequence of prosperity is a new worry”（繁荣的后果是新的担忧），说明肥胖与繁荣有关，错误。
  • 答案：A

4) 题目：What do we know about public-health warnings, combined with media pressure?（关于公共健康警告结合媒体压力，我们知道什么？）

  • 定位原文：第五段 “Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly.”（公共健康警告结合媒体压力能否说服人们变瘦？就像它们最终让人们戒烟一样？可能。）
  • 选项分析：
    • A. 导致全球健康食品销量增加：原文“in the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming”（富裕国家健康食品销量激增），非“every part of the world”，错误。
    • B. 几年内必使人决心减肥：“Possibly”（可能）而非“definitely”（肯定），错误。
    • C. 成功说服人们戒烟：“just as they finally put them off tobacco”（就像它们最终让人们戒烟一样），正确。
    • D. 减少癌症死亡人数：原文未提“decrease cancer deaths”，无依据。
  • 答案：C

5) 题目：Although American people are losing some weight in recent years, ______.（尽管美国人近年在减重，但……？）

  • 定位原文：第五段 “And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds.”（世界其他地方的人仍在增重。）
  • 选项分析：
    • A. 预测永远无法解决问题：原文“it will be many years before... solves the health problems”（需多年解决健康问题），非“cannot solve forever”，错误。
    • B. 其他国家的人仍在增重：“piling on the pounds”（增重）对应“putting on weight”，正确。
    • C. 其他国家仍在对抗饥饿：原文未提“fighting against hunger”，错误。
    • D. 未来会更胖：原文未提“gain more weight in the future”，无依据。
  • 答案：B