题目
It is almost like a reflex(条件反射)whenever we have a runny nose or a cough we reach for the antibiotics(抗生素)．But maybe you should think twice before you start taking those pills next time you have a bit of a cold． Many doctors warn that we are overusing and sometimes misusing antibiotics to treat common diseases． This could have bad results． Across the world， the problem of antibiotic resistance is growing， and the situation is especially bad in China． The average amount of antibiotics each Chinese person takes every year is almost three times the international level and ten times the level in the United States， Xiao Yonghong， a professor in Peking University， told the Guangming Daily on October 19． It is a common wrong idea that antibiotics work for all diseases right down to everyday coughs and colds． In fact， antibiotics only work against bacteria， and not viruses． Most forms of the common cold and flu are caused by viruses， so antibiotics are useless against them． The process of curing a disease is like a war． Antibiotics kill many kinds of bacteria which make you sick， but sometimes they also get "confused" and kill antibodies(抗体)in your body that should be helping to kill viruses． Sometimes the enemy bacteria may change themselves in order to fight back． When antibiotics are used wrongly or too often， the bacteria can develop faster． This worsens the infection and makes it harder to treat． Because of resistance to antibiotics， once treatable diseases are becoming fatal(致命的)again． In recent years， different kinds of "superbugs" have been showing themselves in many parts of the world． They can avoid any antibiotics we have and have caused many deaths． Since penicillin(青霉素)was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929， it has saved many lives worldwide． Before this discovery was made， even infections in small cuts could kill． However， overuse or misuse of this "life-saving" medicine could mean antibiotics turn against us in the war against disease．(1)What is the main purpose of the first paragraph？___A． To inform readers that antibiotics are useful in treating diseases．B． To warn readers of the dangers of antibiotics used improperly．C． To explain the serious situation of antibiotics misuse in China．D． To report on the invention of new antibiotics in the world．(2)In the war of curing a disease___A． antibiotics defeat antibodiesB． antibiotics kill bacteriaC． antibodies help virusesD． bacteria change themselves(3)Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？___A． Antibiotics work against all kinds of everyday coughs and colds．B． Large amounts of antibiotics are needed to kill "superbugs"．C． Penicillin is considered to be the best ever antibiotic in history．D． Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics and develop faster．(4)What can we learn from the passage？___A． Antibiotics are the best to kill colds．B． Antibiotics never fight against antibodies．C． Misuse of antibiotics could lead to deathD． The use of antibiotics should be forbidden．
It is almost like a reflex(条件反射)whenever we have a runny nose or a cough we reach for the antibiotics(抗生素)．But maybe you should think twice before you start taking those pills next time you have a bit of a cold． Many doctors warn that we are overusing and sometimes misusing antibiotics to treat common diseases． This could have bad results．
Across the world， the problem of antibiotic resistance is growing， and the situation is especially bad in China． The average amount of antibiotics each Chinese person takes every year is almost three times the international level and ten times the level in the United States， Xiao Yonghong， a professor in Peking University， told the Guangming Daily on October 19．
It is a common wrong idea that antibiotics work for all diseases right down to everyday coughs and colds． In fact， antibiotics only work against bacteria， and not viruses． Most forms of the common cold and flu are caused by viruses， so antibiotics are useless against them．
The process of curing a disease is like a war． Antibiotics kill many kinds of bacteria which make you sick， but sometimes they also get "confused" and kill antibodies(抗体)in your body that should be helping to kill viruses．
Sometimes the enemy bacteria may change themselves in order to fight back． When antibiotics are used wrongly or too often， the bacteria can develop faster． This worsens the infection and makes it harder to treat． Because of resistance to antibiotics， once treatable diseases are becoming fatal(致命的)again．
In recent years， different kinds of "superbugs" have been showing themselves in many parts of the world． They can avoid any antibiotics we have and have caused many deaths．
Since penicillin(青霉素)was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929， it has saved many lives worldwide． Before this discovery was made， even infections in small cuts could kill．
However， overuse or misuse of this "life-saving" medicine could mean antibiotics turn against us in the war against disease．
(1)What is the main purpose of the first paragraph？___
A． To inform readers that antibiotics are useful in treating diseases．
B． To warn readers of the dangers of antibiotics used improperly．
C． To explain the serious situation of antibiotics misuse in China．
D． To report on the invention of new antibiotics in the world．
(2)In the war of curing a disease___
A． antibiotics defeat antibodies
B． antibiotics kill bacteria
C． antibodies help viruses
D． bacteria change themselves
(3)Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？___
A． Antibiotics work against all kinds of everyday coughs and colds．
B． Large amounts of antibiotics are needed to kill "superbugs"．
C． Penicillin is considered to be the best ever antibiotic in history．
D． Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics and develop faster．
(4)What can we learn from the passage？___
A． Antibiotics are the best to kill colds．
B． Antibiotics never fight against antibodies．
C． Misuse of antibiotics could lead to death
D． The use of antibiotics should be forbidden．
Across the world， the problem of antibiotic resistance is growing， and the situation is especially bad in China． The average amount of antibiotics each Chinese person takes every year is almost three times the international level and ten times the level in the United States， Xiao Yonghong， a professor in Peking University， told the Guangming Daily on October 19．
It is a common wrong idea that antibiotics work for all diseases right down to everyday coughs and colds． In fact， antibiotics only work against bacteria， and not viruses． Most forms of the common cold and flu are caused by viruses， so antibiotics are useless against them．
The process of curing a disease is like a war． Antibiotics kill many kinds of bacteria which make you sick， but sometimes they also get "confused" and kill antibodies(抗体)in your body that should be helping to kill viruses．
Sometimes the enemy bacteria may change themselves in order to fight back． When antibiotics are used wrongly or too often， the bacteria can develop faster． This worsens the infection and makes it harder to treat． Because of resistance to antibiotics， once treatable diseases are becoming fatal(致命的)again．
In recent years， different kinds of "superbugs" have been showing themselves in many parts of the world． They can avoid any antibiotics we have and have caused many deaths．
Since penicillin(青霉素)was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929， it has saved many lives worldwide． Before this discovery was made， even infections in small cuts could kill．
However， overuse or misuse of this "life-saving" medicine could mean antibiotics turn against us in the war against disease．
(1)What is the main purpose of the first paragraph？___
A． To inform readers that antibiotics are useful in treating diseases．
B． To warn readers of the dangers of antibiotics used improperly．
C． To explain the serious situation of antibiotics misuse in China．
D． To report on the invention of new antibiotics in the world．
(2)In the war of curing a disease___
A． antibiotics defeat antibodies
B． antibiotics kill bacteria
C． antibodies help viruses
D． bacteria change themselves
(3)Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？___
A． Antibiotics work against all kinds of everyday coughs and colds．
B． Large amounts of antibiotics are needed to kill "superbugs"．
C． Penicillin is considered to be the best ever antibiotic in history．
D． Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics and develop faster．
(4)What can we learn from the passage？___
A． Antibiotics are the best to kill colds．
B． Antibiotics never fight against antibodies．
C． Misuse of antibiotics could lead to death
D． The use of antibiotics should be forbidden．
题目解答
答案
1．B． 推理题．根据文章第一段Many doctors warn that we are overusing and sometimes misusing antibiotics to treat common diseases． This could have bad results．许多医生警告说，我们有时过度使用和滥用抗生素治疗常见疾病．这可能会带来不好的结果，可知作者在警告不能滥用抗生素，故B正确．
2．B． 细节题． 根据文章第三段 In fact， antibiotics only work against bacteria， and not viruses．事实上，抗生素只对细菌有用而不是病毒，故选B．
3．D． 细节题． 根据文章第四段 Sometimes the enemy bacteria may change themselves in order to fight back．When antibiotics are used wrongly or too often， the bacteria can develop faster．有时致病细菌可能会改变自己来反击．使用抗生素时错误或过于频繁时，细菌可以改变得更快．故选D．
4．C． 推理题．根据第四段 When antibiotics are used wrongly or too often， the bacteria can develop faster． This worsens the infection and makes it harder to treat． Because of resistance to antibiotics， once treatable diseases are becoming fatal (致命的) again．使用抗生素时错误或过于频繁时，细菌可以变化得更快．这会加剧感染，使它更难治疗．因为耐药性，一些可治疗的疾病会变成致命疾病，可知滥用抗生素会导致死亡．故C项内容符合上下文．
2．B． 细节题． 根据文章第三段 In fact， antibiotics only work against bacteria， and not viruses．事实上，抗生素只对细菌有用而不是病毒，故选B．
3．D． 细节题． 根据文章第四段 Sometimes the enemy bacteria may change themselves in order to fight back．When antibiotics are used wrongly or too often， the bacteria can develop faster．有时致病细菌可能会改变自己来反击．使用抗生素时错误或过于频繁时，细菌可以改变得更快．故选D．
4．C． 推理题．根据第四段 When antibiotics are used wrongly or too often， the bacteria can develop faster． This worsens the infection and makes it harder to treat． Because of resistance to antibiotics， once treatable diseases are becoming fatal (致命的) again．使用抗生素时错误或过于频繁时，细菌可以变化得更快．这会加剧感染，使它更难治疗．因为耐药性，一些可治疗的疾病会变成致命疾病，可知滥用抗生素会导致死亡．故C项内容符合上下文．
解析
步骤 1：理解第一段的意图
第一段提到，当人们感冒或咳嗽时，通常会立即想到使用抗生素。然而，医生警告说，过度使用和滥用抗生素治疗常见疾病可能会带来不良后果。因此，第一段的目的是警告读者滥用抗生素的危险。
步骤 2：理解抗生素在治疗疾病中的作用
抗生素只对细菌有效，而对病毒无效。大多数感冒和流感是由病毒引起的，因此抗生素对它们无效。
步骤 3：理解抗生素的副作用
抗生素在杀死致病细菌的同时，有时也会杀死体内的抗体，这些抗体本应帮助杀死病毒。此外，细菌可能会改变自己以对抗抗生素，导致感染恶化，治疗变得更加困难。
步骤 4：理解滥用抗生素的后果
滥用抗生素可能导致细菌对抗生素产生抗药性，使原本可治疗的疾病变得致命。近年来，世界各地出现了各种“超级细菌”，它们可以避开我们现有的所有抗生素，导致许多死亡。
步骤 5：理解抗生素的发现和使用
青霉素自1929年被亚历山大·弗莱明发现以来，已经挽救了全世界许多人的生命。然而，过度使用或滥用这种“救命”药物可能会导致抗生素在对抗疾病时反而对我们不利。
第一段提到，当人们感冒或咳嗽时，通常会立即想到使用抗生素。然而，医生警告说，过度使用和滥用抗生素治疗常见疾病可能会带来不良后果。因此，第一段的目的是警告读者滥用抗生素的危险。
步骤 2：理解抗生素在治疗疾病中的作用
抗生素只对细菌有效，而对病毒无效。大多数感冒和流感是由病毒引起的，因此抗生素对它们无效。
步骤 3：理解抗生素的副作用
抗生素在杀死致病细菌的同时，有时也会杀死体内的抗体，这些抗体本应帮助杀死病毒。此外，细菌可能会改变自己以对抗抗生素，导致感染恶化，治疗变得更加困难。
步骤 4：理解滥用抗生素的后果
滥用抗生素可能导致细菌对抗生素产生抗药性，使原本可治疗的疾病变得致命。近年来，世界各地出现了各种“超级细菌”，它们可以避开我们现有的所有抗生素，导致许多死亡。
步骤 5：理解抗生素的发现和使用
青霉素自1929年被亚历山大·弗莱明发现以来，已经挽救了全世界许多人的生命。然而，过度使用或滥用这种“救命”药物可能会导致抗生素在对抗疾病时反而对我们不利。